陸象山對孟子“本心”概念的詮釋  

Lu Jiuyuan's Exposition on the Category of Innate Heart/Mind of Mencius

作　　者：肖雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]武漢大學哲學學院

出　　处：《国学学刊》2014年第3期74-82,共9页Research in the Traditions of Chinese Culture

摘　　要：陸象山自謂其學是"因讀《孟子》而自得之,"不僅如此,他還藉助《孟子》中的"本心"概念來作爲其心學的本體性範疇,由此而對"本心"概念作出了調適上遂的詮釋。象山的詮釋是"六經注我"式的,首先,他藉助孟子的"四端"來指示"本心",繼而又謂本心不止四端,而是個"溥博源泉,而時出之";其次,藉助《孟子》中的"仁義禮智我所固有"、"理義同然之心"說直接提出"心即理"的命題,確立了本心的道德法則的面向;再次,提出"萬象森然于方寸之間"的觀點與孟子"萬物皆備于我矣"說互證,完成了本心作爲本體宇宙論的範疇之建構。與其他理學家相比,象山是最大程度地回到孟子者,他是專本《孟子》者,純由本心而伸展至道德的形上學者。他說"孟子之後,至是而始一明",又說伊洛諸公雖得千載不傳之學,但草創未爲光明,自己則要大段光明之,他實現了他的使命,是名副其實者。Lu Jiuyuan said that his unique learning system came from reading the Book of Mencius and Lu Jiuyuan absorbed the category of 'Innate Heart/Mind'(本心) to act as the ontological idea and made transcendent and sublime explanations on the category.Lu Jiuyuan extended meaning of Mencius' category in the following aspects:(1) Lu explained Innate Heart/Mind with Mencius' s 'Four Sprouts'(四端) and extended the meanings of Innate Heart/Mind far more than the 'Four Sprouts';(2) Lu endowed more moral principles into the category of 'Heart/Mind';(3) About Menciu's issue that 'Everything are completed in me',Lu explained 'everything' as universe and 'me' as the Innate Heart/Mind,thereby finished his construction of ontological cosmology.Compared with other Song philosophers,Lu went back to Mencius with the most extreme extent.

关 键 词：陸象山 孟子 本心 四端 心即理 萬象森然 

分 类 号：B244.8[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B222.5