长春市251例乳母膳食营养的分析评价  

Analysis and evaluation of dietary nutrition of 251 lactating mothers in Changchun

作　　者：李响[1] 丁珍[1] 刘国良[1] 何纯川 甘振威[1] 谢林[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生教研室,吉林长春130021

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2014年第27期4473-4475,共3页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金〔No.81102115〕;中国营养学会营养科研基金-帝斯曼专项〔2012〕

摘　　要：目的：了解长春市乳母膳食特点,评价乳母膳食是否符合营养学要求。方法：运用3天24 h膳食回顾法对251名产后20～22天的健康乳母进行膳食调查,应用金钥匙营养专家系统软件计算宏量营养素、部分矿物质、维生素及5种多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的每日平均摄入量,与中国居民膳食推荐摄入量比较。结果：蛋白质和脂肪摄入量较高,分别为推荐值的150.20%和131.29%;碳水化合物摄入略低,占推荐值的86.72%;优质蛋白质占64.24%。矿物质中铁、硒、铜、磷摄入量较高,分别占推荐值的131.20%、145.78%、138.21%和217.70%;钙、钠、锌较低,分别占推荐值的80.15%、58.01%和75.32%。维生素中Vit B3和VitE摄入较高,分别占推荐摄入量的149.28%和215.05%;而Vit B1、Vit C和叶酸摄入较低,分别占推荐摄入量的77.73%、64.36%和46.95%,其他营养素摄入量较合理。膳食中n-6/n-3 PUFA比值适当。结论：应适当减少脂肪、蛋白质摄入,考虑通过乳制品增加钙摄入,选择含钠、锌及Vit B1、Vit C和叶酸丰富的食物增加其摄入。Objective： To understand the dietary characteristics of lactating mothers in Changchun,evaluate whether dietary nutrition of lactating mothers meets nutrition requirements. Methods： A total of 251 healthy lactating mothers were investigated by 3- day 24-hour dietary recall method at 20- 22 days after delivery,golden key nutrition expert system software for the corresponding nutrient analysis was used to calculate the average daily intakes of three energy nutrients,minerals,vitamins,and five types of polyunsaturated fatty acids（ PUFA）,the results were compared with Chinese residents dietary intake recommendations（ DRIs）. Results： The intakes of protein and fat were higher than DRIs,accounting for 150. 2% and 131. 29% of DRIs,respectively; while the intake of carbohydrate was lower than DRIs,accounting for 86. 72% of DRIs. The proportion of high quality protein was 64. 24%. Iron,selenium,copper and phosphorus intakes were higher than DRIs,accounting for 131. 20%,145. 78%,138. 21% and 217. 70% of DRIs,respectively. The intakes of calcium,sodium and zinc were lower than DRIs,accounting for 80. 15%,58. 01% and 75. 32% of DRIs,respectively. The intakes of vitamin B3 and vitamin E were higher than DRIs,accounting for 149. 28% and 215. 05% of DRIs,respectively; while the intakes of vitamin B1,vitamin C and folic acid were lower than DRIs,accounting for 77. 73%,64. 36% and 46. 95% of DRIs,respectively; the intakes of other nutrients were reasonable. Dietary n- 6 / n- 3 PUFA ratio was appropriate. Conclusion： Fat and protein intakes should be reduced appropriately,intake of dairy products should be increased for increasing calcium intake. The food rich in sodium,zinc and vitamin B1,vitamin C and folic acid should be consumed more.

关 键 词：乳母 膳食 营养评价 

分 类 号：R17[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]