推理能力、认知方式和启发量对顿悟问题解决不同阶段的影响  

The Effects of Reasoning Ability,Cognitive Style and Elicitation on Different Stages of Insight Problem Solving

作　　者：蔡晓红[1] 邓娜丽 代晓庆 李姗[1] 黄籍毅 曾晓青[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学心理学院,江西省心理与认知科学重点实验室,南昌330022

出　　处：《心理与行为研究》2014年第4期484-489,495,共7页Studies of Psychology and Behavior

基　　金：江西省社科规划课题一般项目(12JY08);江西师范大学课程教学改革与建设专题立项(2011)

摘　　要：从《科学发明创造实验问题材料库》中选取实验材料,采用"学习多个原型-测试多个问题"的两阶段实验范式,探究推理能力、认知方式和启发量对顿悟问题解决中原型激活与关键启发信息提取这两个阶段的影响。结果发现:(1)高推理能力被试比低推理能力被试的顿悟问题解决水平更高,且高推理能力被试在原型激活和关键启发信息提取上都显著优于低推理能力被试;(2)认知方式对原型激活和关键启发信息提取均没有影响;(3)启发量对原型激活没有影响,但对关键启发信息的提取有影响,并且高启发量的原型比低启发量的原型更能促进关键启发信息的提取。With the experimental material from the material database of creative problem for experiments,this study investigated the effects of reasoning ability,cognitive style and elicitation on different stages of insight problem through the learning and testing experimental paradigm. The results showed that： 1） reasoning ability is an important influential factor in activation of prototypal events and key heuristic information and insight problem solving;meanwhile,subjects with higher ability on reasoning perform better on prototypal events activation,key heuristic information activation and insight problem solving; 2） cognitive style has no effect on prototypal events activation and key heuristic information activation; 3） elicitation has no effect on prototypal events activation but prototypal events with higher elicitation work better in promoting key heuristic information activation.

关 键 词：顿悟 原型启发 推理能力 认知方式 启发量 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]