重载铁路钢轨磨耗演变过程的数值模拟  

Numerical Simulation of Rail Wear Evolution of Heavy-hual Railways

作　　者：王璞[1] 高亮[1] 蔡小培[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,北京100044

出　　处：《铁道学报》2014年第10期70-75,共6页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1234211);中国神华能源股份有限公司科技创新项目(SHGF-11-32);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2012JBZ011)

摘　　要：建立重载铁路钢轨磨耗演变的数值仿真模型。基于UM软件建立货车-轨道耦合动力模型,对减振楔块、心盘等细部构件精细建模,采用多点-面接触模型模拟部件间各种接触摩擦,并充分考虑部件间隙。基于Hertz理论及FASTSIM算法进行轮轨接触计算;基于Specht材料磨损模型进行钢轨磨耗计算,根据磨损程度采用不同磨耗系数。针对各种车型和通过速度,开展多工况计算并设置权重因子,模拟线路实际行车条件。为提高数值计算稳定性,基于累积磨耗深度更新钢轨型面;基于磨耗演变模型研究重载铁路不同地段钢轨磨耗的发展规律。结果表明:曲线地段钢轨磨耗比直线地段严重;曲线外轨侧磨明显,内轨磨耗相对较轻,主要分布在轨头中部,外轨磨耗大于内轨;圆曲线地段外轨磨耗强于缓和曲线地段,而内轨磨耗弱于缓和曲线地段;直线地段左右钢轨磨耗相差不大,均主要分布在轨头中部。The numerical simulation model for rail wear evolution of heavy-haul railways was established .The freight car-track coupling dynamic models were established by the multi-body dynamics software UM .Vehicle components（vibration attenuation wedges ,center plates ,etc） were modeled in detail .Contact interactions with friction between components were described by the points-plane contact models and the real clearances between parts were considered .The wheel-rail contact calculations were based on the Hertz’s theory and the algorithm FASTSIM .The rail wear losses were evaluated using the Specht model and different wear coefficients were a-dopted according to the wear intensity .Dynamic simulations were made respectively for cases of vehicles of dif-ferent types and at different passing velocities and weight coefficients were introduced to simulate the actual driving conditions .In order to increase the stability of numerical calculation ,the rail profile update was based on the accumulated wear depth .Finally ,the laws of rail wear evolution in different sections were studied by the wear evolution model .The results show as follows ：Rail wear in curves is more serious than in tangent sections ;for curves ,side wear of the outer rail is obvious ,wear of the inner rail is relatively slight and distributed in the middle of railhead and wear of the outer rail is severer than that of the inner rail ;in circular curves wear of the outer rail is severer than in transition curves and wear of the inner rail is less serious than in transition curves ;In tangent sections ,the wear of the left and right rails are similar and both distributed in the middle of rail head .

关 键 词：重载铁路 钢轨磨耗演变 车辆-轨道耦合动力学 轮轨滚动接触 数值模拟 

分 类 号：U213.42[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]