如何在中国哲学中安顿“普遍性”?  

How to Settle "Universality/Generality" in Chinese Philosophy

作　　者：刘静芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学社会科学学院

出　　处：《哲学研究》2014年第10期33-40,128,共8页Philosophical Research

摘　　要：“普遍性”并非中国哲学固有的范畴，然而在中西思想的碰撞中，在文明古国的现代化进程中，普遍性却成为一个绕不开的概念。如何安顿“普遍性”，对中国哲学而言是一项艰巨的任务：其一，从语言系统上看，中文中缺少与“普遍性”完全对应的概念；其二，从文化上看，因为担心对普遍性的肯定，变成对西方文化的肯定与对中国文化的否定，学者们对“普遍性”始终怀有一种警惕；其三，从哲学上看，如何在注重整体性的中国哲学中安顿普遍性，也颇费思量。但是，尽管困难重重，这一问题却必须得到解答，因为它不仅关系到中国哲学与文化的自我定位，而且关系到中国社会未来的发展方向。Universality or Generality is not an aboriginal concept of Chinese philosophy.However,since modern times,it has become a concept related closely to the self-understanding of Chinese culture and the envisioning of future development of Chinese society. 'Generality' is close to 'similarity'(lei tong) in Chinese,but this interpretation attributes Chinese culture an inferior status in comparison with Western culture.Thus Chinese thinkers prefer to talk about ' content universality', ' plural universality', ' dialogical universality ',and 'causal universality',etc.On a deeper level,this has to do with the differences between the Chinese and the Western mode of reaching 'Coherence'.In Chinese philosophy,it is the 'part-whole' mode rather than the 'particular-universal' mode of reaching Coherence that is dominant,even though the latter has gained more importance since modern times.In the Chinese mindset,the 'particular-universal' mode is only an integral part of the 'part-whole' mode.

关 键 词：中国哲学 普遍性 中国文化 现代化进程 文明古国 语言系统 西方文化 中国社会 

分 类 号：B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]