蛀食性害虫侵害小麦后损伤分型指标研究  

Damaged grain classification of wheat infected by boring pests

作　　者：张玉荣[1] 王海荣[1] 周显青[1] 吴琼[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学粮油食品学院//河南粮食作物协同创新中心//粮食储藏安全河南省协同创新中心,河南郑州450052

出　　处：《粮食与饲料工业》2014年第9期7-11,共5页Cereal & Feed Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"小麦受蛀蚀性害虫侵害后品质变化机理及危害度预测研究"(31371852)

摘　　要：为探讨玉米象、米象和谷蠹3种主要蛀食性害虫侵害后对小麦蛀蚀损伤部位及一个生长发育周期内蛀蚀程度的影响,分别将8头、16头、32头和64头蛀食性害虫放入100g小麦中,并定期对小麦虫蚀部位及数量进行观察、统计。结果表明：虫蚀粒随虫口密度增加而增多,虫口密度不同对产卵量产生一定影响,致使增大比例不同。饥饿处理后的米象先集中进食后产卵,而玉米象、谷蠹产卵与进食同时进行,致使前期蛀蚀部位的比例因虫种不同而变化;后期子代的大量蛀蚀致使蛀蚀胚乳部位数量显著升高,胚和胚乳两部位同时蛀蚀籽粒随时间延长而升高。64头蛀蚀30d时,不同蛀蚀程度占总的虫蚀粒的百分比不同,但呈正态分布趋势。一个生长发育周期内,米象、玉米象蛀蚀程度在30%~40%比例最高,谷蠹蛀蚀程度在20%~30%比例最高。因此可根据蛀蚀程度对损伤粒初步划分为轻度蛀蚀（0~10%）、中度蛀蚀（10%~50%）和重度蛀蚀（50%~100%）3个阶段。The borer parts and degree of damaged wheat infected by boring pests, including maize weevil, Sitophilus oryzae and Rhyzopertha dominica within one generation were studied. We observed periodically and recorded the borer parts and quan- tity after releasing 8, 16, 32, 64 insects in wheat of 100 g, respectively. The results showed that damaged kernels increased with the increasing of population density, and different population density led to different proportion of spawning. Sitophilus oryzae after starvation treatment began to lay eggs after several days of intensive feeding, while maize weevil and Rhyzopertha dominica were eating at the same time with spawning, this phenomenon led to different proportion of borer parts with different species in early days and marked numbers increased in damaged endosperm in later period, the proportion of two parts of embryo and endosperm at the same time increased with the extension of time. The proportion of different borer level was varied and had a trend of gaussian distribution when the population density was 64 insects in 30 d. The highest borer level infected by maize weevil and Sitophilus oryzae was 30-40%, while it was 20-30% for Rhyzopertha dominica. The damaged kernels could be divided into mild decay （0～10%）, moderate decay （10~50%） and severe decay （50%-100%） according to the borer level.

关 键 词：蛀食性害虫 损伤分型 蛀蚀部位 蛀蚀程度 损伤粒 小麦 

分 类 号：S379.5[农业科学—农产品加工]