职业风险、工作压力和组织公平对医生工作倦怠的影响  

Influence of occupational risk, work stress and organization justice on job burnout among clinical doctors and medical technicians

作　　者：那军[1] 邢立莹[1] 杨晓丽[1] 李宁[1] 于连政[1] 罗妍[1] 张淑娟[1] 杨明[1] 潘国伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省疾病预防控制中心,辽宁沈阳110005

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2014年第17期3105-3108,3126,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2011年辽宁省科学技术计划项目(2011225020)

摘　　要：目的分析职业风险、工作压力和组织公平感对医生工作倦怠的影响,为预防医生工作倦怠提供有效依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,用工作倦怠问卷(MBI-GS)、组织公平感量表和自编职业风险和压力问卷,对辽宁省城乡6市(县)78所公立医疗机构的1734名医生进行了问卷调查。结果医生的情绪衰竭、消极怠慢和成就感三个维度评分分别为2.24±1.38、1.27±1.30、3.90±1.43,职业风险、工作压力和组织公平共可以解释医生情绪衰竭、消极怠慢和成就感三个维度的31.09%、20.22%和5.65%的方差变异,其中社会和舆论导向的偏见、工作量/劳动强度、家庭与工作需要冲突对医生工作倦怠影响较大。程序公平、分配公平和领导公平对医生工作倦怠影响显著。结论职业风险、工作压力和组织公平是影响医生工作倦怠的重要因素,需合理分配医疗资源,调整医生工作负荷,改善从业环境,提高组织公平性,来降低医生工作倦怠,促进医疗服务良性发展。Objective To analyze and evaluate the effect of the occupational risk and work stress and organization justice on job burnout among clinical doctors, and provide basis to prevent the job burnout among doctors. Methods A self-administered questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey（MBI-GS）, Organizational Justice Scale and Self-Complied Occupational Risk And Stress Questionnaire were used to survey 1 734 clinic doctors and medical technicians belong to 78 hospitals of 6 cites（counties） in Liaoning Province selected with multistage cluster random sampling. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was applied to elucidate influences of occupational risk, stress and organizational justice on job burnout. Results The average score（mean±standard deviation） for exhaustion, cynicism and personal accomplishment was 2.24±1.38, 1.27±1.30 and 3.90±1.43,respectively. The occupational risk and work stress and organization justice could explain the 31.09% variation of the variance in exhaustion, 20.22% in cynicism and 5.65% in personal accomplishment. Social bias, workload and conflict of family and job were the major influences on job burnout among doctors, the feeling of procedural justice, distribution justice and leader justice influence on doctor job burnout significantly. Conclusion Job burnout is greatly influenced by the occupational risk and word stress and organization justice. To reduce job burnout among doctors, comprehension systems should be established and measured entirely including adjustment of workload, humanized management to ease contradiction between family and work, and improvement of organizational conditions to enhance feeling of organizational justice. Consequently, this could promote the benign development of medical and health services.

关 键 词：医生 工作倦怠 组织公平 职业风险 工作压力 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]