城市社区2型糖尿病患者膳食和体力活动干预效果评价  

Effects assessment on intervention of diets and physical activities for type 2 diabetic patients among urban communities

作　　者：孙广宁[1] 吴洪涛[1] 王春平[1] 李金坤[1] 田忠梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]潍坊医学院公共卫生学院,山东潍坊261053

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2014年第17期3117-3120,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(ZR2010GL031);山东省高等学校科研计划项目(J10LF66)

摘　　要：目的了解对城市社区2型糖尿病患者进行膳食和体力活动的干预效果,为2型糖尿病患者社区干预和健康管理提供理论依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,从潍坊城区抽取6个社区作为研究现场,随机分为对照组和干预组,从社区卫生服务机构的居民健康档案中抽取符合条件的2型糖尿病患者作为调查对象。在基线调查的基础上,干预组运用跨理论模型和动机性访谈的技术方法来对其实行以膳食和身体活动为重点的个体化干预;对照组按传统的慢性病健康管理方式,研究者不施加干预。以血糖控制率、每日人均食盐和油脂摄入量、体力活动活跃的比例和糖尿病知识掌握情况作为评价指标。资料收集采取入户面对面的问卷调查。结果基线阶段,干预组患者的血糖控制率为16.92%,每日人均油脂摄入量≥25 g的比例为63.53%,每日人均食盐摄入量≥6 g的比例为34.21%,体力活动活跃的比例为84.21%,糖尿病知识掌握较好的比例为18.8%,对照组和干预组在以上指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);结局阶段,干预组患者上述5个指标分别为37.80%、51.18%、25.98%、84.25%和32.68%,与干预前相比,干预组患者的血糖控制率明显提高(P<0.05),每日人均油脂摄入量≥25 g的比例为和每日人均食盐摄入量≥6 g的比例明显降低(P<0.05),糖尿病知识掌握较好的比例为明显提高(P<0.05),与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论此次对2型糖尿病患者进行个体化干预取得的效果较为明显,其膳食及体力活动情况得到不同程度的改善,是一种较为有效的社区干预方式。Objective This study was aimed at understanding effects of the intervention of diet and physical activities for type 2 diabetic patients among urban communities, and providing the theoretical basis for the type 2 diabetic patients＇ community intervention and health management. Methods 6 communities were sampled randomly from Weifang urban areas, and divided into intervention group and control group randomly. Participators were sampled from the residents＇ health records of type 2 diabetic patients in community health service institutions. After the baseline survey, the individual tailored interventions focused on diet and physical activities according to the methods of TTM and MI were carried out for the patients in intervention group, while in control group, no intervention was imposed by investigators. Took the control rate of blood glucose, daily intake of salt and oil, the proportion of physical activities actively and the proportion of having better knowledge about diabetic as evaluation indicators. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires completed by household survey face to face. Results On the baseline stage, in intervention group, the control rate of blood glucose was 16.92%, the proportion of oil daily intake over 25 grams was 63.53%, the proportion of salt daily intake over 6 grams was 34.21%, the proportion of physical activities actively was 84.21%, and the proportion of having better knowledge about diabetic was 18.8%. Comparing with the control group, these indicators of intervention group had no significant differences. On the ending stage, these 5 indicators in intervention group were 37.80%, 51.18%, 25.98%, 84.25% and 32.68%, respectively. When compared before and after intervention, there were obvious increases in the control rate of blood glucose and the proportion of having better knowledge about diabetic（P〈0.05）, and obvious decrease in the proportion of oil daily intake over 25 grams and the proportion of salt daily intake over 6 grams in intervention group, and these di

关 键 词：2型糖尿病 个体干预 膳食 体力活动 

分 类 号：R153[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]