在非相对论框架中导出泡利方程——经典电动力学与量子力学不一致之一例  

Derivation of Pauli equation in non-relativistic framework——An inconsistency between classical electrodynamics and quantum mechanics

作　　者：刘觉平[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学物理科学与技术学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《大学物理》2014年第10期38-40,53,共4页College Physics

基　　金：武汉大学教学研究基金(20110313和9yw201115)资助

摘　　要：在非相对论框架内,从非相对论薛定谔方程出发,将自由电子的非相对论哈密顿算符开方,推出了自由的两分量泡利旋量满足的动力学方程;进而在经典外电磁场中,利用最小耦合原理,推出了在外电磁场中非相对论电子满足的泡利方程.在此基础上,讨论经典电动力学与量子力学不一致之处,并从群表示论和量子化对粒子的自旋进行了分析.An equation of motion satisfied by free two-component Pauli spinors is derived by seeking the square root of the Hamiltonian operator of a free electron,starting from Schrdinger equation in the non-relativistic framework. Then,using the minimum coupling principle,an equation of motion for an electron in the external electromagnetic fields,the so-called Pauli equation,is obtained. Based on it,an inconsistency between classical electrodynamics and quantum mechanics is explored,and the analysis for relativistic spin and non-relativistic spin is carried out from the representation theory of groups and the quantization.

关 键 词：非相对论 薛定谔方程 哈密顿算符 最小耦合原理 泡利方程 

分 类 号：O413.1[理学—理论物理]