空间高精度谐波减速器的应用及其发展趋势  

Application and Development Trends of the Space Harmonic Reducer with High Precision

作　　者：丰飞 王炜 唐丽娜 陈风帆 白彦伟 

机构地区：[1]上海航天设备制造总厂,上海200245

出　　处：《机械传动》2014年第10期98-107,共10页Journal of Mechanical Transmission

摘　　要：谐波减速器作为一种结构紧凑、质量轻、体积小而减速比大、传动效率高、传动精度高传动刚度高的高性能减速器,在工业机器人和航天领域得到了广泛的应用。通过对谐波减速器在太阳翼展开机构、天线指向机构、扫描机构、行星着陆器行进轮驱动机构、空间机器人驱动关节以及导弹舵机等空间机构的应用的研究,提出了空间高精度谐波减速器的关键技术和发展趋势,并对未来谐波减速器在空间机器人、精确定位指向机构以及太阳翼帆板展开机构中的应用进行了展望。此外,也从材料、加工工艺、热处理以及优化设计技术等多角度对谐波减速器的研制技术进行了分析和研究,并从空间环境出发,对空间谐波减速器的润滑方式、使用寿命,以及在真空、强辐射和大温差环境下的传动特性进行了分析,为空间谐波减速器的研发提供了借鉴。Harmonic reducer is high- performance gear reducers with the features of compactness,light weight,small volume,large speed reduction ratio,high transmission efficiency,high precision and high rigidity. And it is widely used in the fields of industrial robot and aerospace mechanism. The key technologies and the developing trends of harmonic driver are proposed,according to the research of the harmonic reducer application in the aerospace mechanisms,such as the solar wing deployment mechanism,the antenna pointing mechanism,the scanning mechanism,the driving mechanism of planetary rover traveling wheel,the joints of space robotics,the missile servos and so on,and then the utilization trends and the key technology of the harmonic reducer are discussed in the fields of space robotics,precise positioning and pointing mechanism,the deployment mechanism of the solar wing panels. In addition,the development technologies of the harmonic reducer are analyzed and studied from the aspects of the advanced materials,the processing technology,the heat treatment and the optimized design technology. And the lubrication methods,the working life,and the transmission characteristics are analyzed in the space environment with the vacuum,the intense radiation and the large temperature difference. The key points of the development of space harmonic reducer are proposed according to the study and analysis above- mentioned.

关 键 词：谐波减速器 空间指向机构 太阳翼展开机构 空间机器人 空间润滑 

分 类 号：TH132.46[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]