列车碰撞仿真中钩缓装置模拟方法  

Simulation Method for Couplers and Buffers in Train Collision Calculations

作　　者：肖守讷[1] 张志新[2] 阳光武[1] 朱涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031 [2]南车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司,江苏常州213000

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报》2014年第5期831-836,共6页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51275432;51205326);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(SWJTU09ZT23)

摘　　要：为了研究列车碰撞过程中的钩缓装置行为,提出了一种基于LS-DYNA离散梁单元模拟钩缓特性的仿真方法.以某6节编组的城市地铁列车36 km/h对撞工况为例,对钩缓装置的加载、卸载以及在极限载荷下的失效脱落等现象进行模拟,并计算钩缓装置对列车碰撞工况能量吸收的贡献程度.结果表明:该方法能够模拟碰撞时列车钩缓装置的力学特性以及车钩的失效和脱落现象,并且能得到连挂列车各位置钩缓装置的输出特性、能量吸收等指标;两列车对撞后,钩缓装置在碰撞过程中吸收能量占总能量的27%.In order to study the behaviors of couplers and buffers（CABs） accurately in the process of train collision,a new simulation method for analyzing the characteristics of CABs was proposed based on the discrete beam in LS-DYNA. This method was then verified through a case study where a head to head collision between two identical subway trains marshaled by 6 cars occurred under a scenario with a relative speed of 36 km /h. The CABs＇ loading and unloading conditions,as well as their failure and falling-off behaviors under the ultimate load were simulated,and the contribution of CABs in the total energy absorption of the train collision was analyzed. The results show that the proposed method can simulate effectively the mechanical properties of CABs and couplers＇ failure and falling-off behaviors in the train collision. In addition,it can be used to obtain the indexes such as output characteristics and energy absorption of CABs in different positions. During the train collision,the energy adsorbed by the CABs accounts for 27% of the total energy.

关 键 词：列车碰撞 钩缓装置 能量吸收 有限元分析 

分 类 号：U260.34[机械工程—车辆工程]