基于人机互动的任务中断管理研究述评  

Review of Task Interruption Management: Based on Human-computer Interaction Research

作　　者：王水珍[1,2] 马红宇[1] 刘腾飞[1] 周宗奎[1] 

机构地区：[1]青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室,华中师范大学心理学院暨湖北省人的发展与心理健康重点实验室,武汉430079 [2]中南民族大学公共管理学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《心理科学》2014年第6期1467-1472,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(31200795);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目(91324201);华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费重大培育项目(CCNU11C01005-03)的资助

摘　　要：科技的发展增加了人机互动中任务中断现象的发生,任务中断管理(Task Interruption Management,TIM)成为工作取得成功日益重要的部分。TIM研究主要采用中断消极影响减少和中断价值评估两种范式,基于记忆的理论、多重资源管理理论和中断管理模型为TIM提供了理论基础,在此基础上研究者发展出基于用户和基于环境的中断管理方法。未来研究需从关注中断的积极影响、内部中断、人的因素尤其是情感性和社会性因素入手加强TIM研究。Task interruption（TI） represent a ubiquitous phenomenon in our daily life： While performing some primary task, a person is interrupted and must engage in a secondary task before resuming the primary task. TIM has become increasingly important for successful performance in the many fields of work. In this paper we try to undertake a systematic review of the current TIM research in psychology and HCI, so as to further explore the direction and focus of future research. In the first place, TIM has been defined the process of coordinating the main task and interrupting task so as to harness the benefits while minimizing the costs. We also present two distinct paradigms of TIM that researchers adopt based on their different goals. One is Interruption impact reduction paradigm which is the current mainstream, the other is Interruption value evaluation paradigm. The former is purposed to reduce negative impacts of TI, the latter is for the sake of harnessing the utility of TI. In the next place, in order to Understand how TI will influence people, Five related theories are introduced which are Memory for goals theory（MGT）, long-term working memory theory（LTWMT）, prospective memory theory（PMT）, multiple resource theory（MRT） and IMSM. The first three theories are all based on memory though they emphasize different aspects of memory. They enable detailed predictions about the disruptive properties of TI, such as the most appropriate timing of TI, the important role of rehearsal and cues. MRT primarily concerns with predicting and explaining multi-tasking performance. The basic tenet of MRT is that, when two tasks compete for the same processing resource within any of the task dimensions, performance is likely to be hampered. IMSM is the first thorough model-based treatment of how people deal with TI. It provides a useful framework for hypothesizing task, operator, and environmental factors relevant to TIM, for describing the effects of TI and behaviors for handling them, ~n.O for identifying dependent

关 键 词：任务中断 人机互动 任务中断管理 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]