高速公路驾驶人超车过程视觉行为特性  

Driver's visual behavior characteristics during overtaking on a freeway

作　　者：张文会[1,2] 李鹏辉[1] 胡孟夏[1] 李一兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室,北京100084 [2]东北林业大学交通学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第9期1204-1208,共5页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2009BAG13A07);清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室自主课题(ZZ2014-032)

摘　　要：基于驾驶模拟器构建高速公路超车行为模拟场景,利用眼动仪采集30位驾驶人的眼动视频数据,通过后处理软件逐帧分析,获得驾驶人超车过程中注视、扫视和眨眼等视觉行为参数。将驾驶人视觉区域划分为左后视镜、右后视镜、原始车道、目标车道和其余区域共5部分,经过统计分析,获得驾驶人视觉区域驻留概率。研究结果表明:驾驶人超车过程中目标车辆的速度对注视频率、扫视频率、眨眼频率和平均眨眼时间没有显著影响,与平均扫视时间正相关,与平均注视时间负相关;在同一速度水平下,超车目标为大型车时,驾驶人的平均注视时间、平均扫视时间较长,注视频率、扫视频率较低。超车过程中驾驶人在原始车道和目标车道的驻留时间概率超过70%,在左后视镜和右后视镜驻留时间概率相差不大,均为7%左右,在其他区域驻留时间概率为10%左右。驾驶人主要通过观察目标车道和原始车道获得交通信息,通过左后视镜和右后视镜获得交通信息的概率(约为14%)高于其余区域。Overtaking scenarios on a freeway were simulated in a driving simulator while an eye movement tracking device collected eye movement videos of 30 drivers. Gazing, scanning and blinking parameters were obtained in each frame. The driver＇s visual area was divided into the left rearview mirror, right rearview mirror, initial lane, destination lane and other areas with frequency distributions calculated for the five vision areas. The results indicate that the destination vehicle＇s speed does not significantly influence the driver＇s fixation frequency, saccade frequency, blinking frequency or average blink duration, but is positively correlated with the average saccade duration and negatively correlated with the average fixation duration. While overtaking trucks, at the same speed, the driver＇s average fixation duration and average saccade duration are longer, while the fixation frequency and saccade frequency are lower. The frequency of the driver＇s visual stay duration on the initial and destination lanes is over 700/00, the stay duration frequency at the left rearview mirror and the right rearview mirror are the same （about 7%）, and the stay duration frequency at the other areas is about 10%. As a result, during overtaking, drivers mainly obtain traffic information from the initial and destination lanes. The frequency of driver＇s obtaining information from the left and right rcarview mirrors （about 14%） is higher than for other areas.

关 键 词：汽车工程 高速公路 超车过程 视觉行为 驾驶模拟器 

分 类 号：U46[机械工程—车辆工程]