饲料中添加谷氨酸对生长中期草鱼肌肉品质的影响  

Effects of Dietary Glutamate on Muscle Quality of Grass Carp( Ctenopharyngodon idella) during Middle Growth Period

作　　者：赵叶[1,2] 周小秋[2,3] 胡肄 李家勇[1] 李欠[1] 冯琳[2,3] 姜维丹[2,3] 刘扬[2,3] 姜俊[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物科技学院,成都611130 [2]四川农业大学动物营养研究所,成都611130 [3]鱼类营养与安全生产四川省高校重点实验室,雅安625014

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2014年第11期3452-3460,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：四川省科技支撑计划项目(2014FZ0026);国家级大学生创新训练项目(201210626007)

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲料中添加谷氨酸对生长中期草鱼肌肉品质的影响。试验选取初始体重为(370.0±3.8)g的健康草鱼540尾,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复60尾鱼。3组草鱼分别饲喂谷氨酸添加水平为0(对照)、0.8%和1.6%的试验饲料,试验期为56 d。结果表明:饲料中添加0.8%和1.6%的谷氨酸显著降低了肌纤维直径(P<0.05),显著提高了肌纤维密度(P<0.05),但对肌肉横截面积和p H无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲料中添加0.8%和1.6%的谷氨酸显著提高了肌肉硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和胶黏性(P<0.05),而对肌肉黏聚性无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲料中添加0.8%和1.6%的谷氨酸对肌肉常规营养成分和氨基酸组成均无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲料中添加0.8%和1.6%的谷氨酸显著提高了肌肉肌苷酸含量(P<0.05)。此外,饲料中添加0.8%的谷氨酸还可显著提高肌苷酸合成关键酶腺苷琥珀酸裂解酶mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.05)。本结果揭示,饲料中添加谷氨酸可改善生长中期草鱼的肌纤维结构和肌肉质构特性,提高肌肉中风味物质肌苷酸的含量,从而改善肌肉品质。The present study was performed to investigate the effects of dietary glutamate on muscle quality of grass carp（ Ctenopharyngodon idella） during middle growth period. A total of 540 grass carp with the initial body weight of（ 370.0 ± 3.8） g were randomly allocated 3 groups with 3 replicates per group and 60 fish per replicate. The fish in the 3 groups were fed 3 experimental diets with the glutamate supplemental levels of 0（ control）,0.8% and 1.6%,respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days. The results showed as follows：dietary supplementation with 0.8% and 1.6% glutamate significantly decreased the muscle fiber diameter（ P〈 0.05）,and significantly increased the muscle fiber density（ P〈 0.05）,but did not significantly affect the muscle cross sectional area and p H（ P〈 0.05）. Dietary supplementation with 0.8% and 1.6% glutamate significantly increased the muscle hardness,springiness,chewiness and gumminess（ P〈 0.05）,but did not significantly affect the muscle cohesiveness（ P〉 0.05）. Dietary supplementation with 0.8% and 1.6% glutamate did not significantly affect the composition of conventional nutrients and amino acids in muscle（ P〉 0.05）. The content of inosine monophosphate in muscle was significantly increased by dietary supplementation with 0. 8% and 1. 6%glutamate（ P〈 0.05）. Moreover,the relative expression level of adenylosuccinate lyase mRNA in muscle was significantly increased by dietary supplementation with 0. 8% glutamate（ P〈 0. 05）. These results indicate that dietary glutamate can improve the muscle fiber structure and muscle texture characteristics,and increase the content of muscle flavor substance—inosine monophosphate,which improve the muscle quality of grass carp during middle growth period.

关 键 词：谷氨酸 草鱼 肌纤维密度 质构特性 风味物质 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]