康德“目的”概念析义  

An Analysis of Kant's Conception of Telos

作　　者：庄振华[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学政治经济学院,西安710062

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2014年第12期81-90,共10页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(12CZX038);国家留学基金公派高级研究学者及访问学者(含博士后)项目(201308610154)

摘　　要：康德在他的目的论中显示出他的三大"批判"真正的深层次结构,对整个德国观念论哲学也产生了深远的影响,但传统的研究往往偏重于哲学家们的差异,而多少忽视了康德目的论在他的批判哲学中的关键地位和对后世的持久影响。康德认为,人可以感受到合目的性在自然事物上的表现(审美),也可以猜测有机物或有机的自然系统为一种自足地合目的的事物(自然目的论),但无法认识世界的终极目的与内在完善性,因为那样的认识超出了人的能力。他对知识的界定,以及局限于意识哲学立场的做法,虽然程度不同地被费希特、谢林和黑格尔突破了,但他的目的论的主体主义方式,即目的为主体所设定,却深深地影响了他们。Kant demonstrated a deep structure of his Critiques in his teleology which influenced deeply the whole philosophy of German idealism. But the traditional research has paid more attention on the difference between philosophers other than the central role of Kant＇s teleology in his critical philosophy and its lasting influences on the later ages. Kant believed that man could perceive the embodiment of the purposiveness in natural things （aesthetics）, and take the organic nature as a self-contained purposive whole （natural teleology） , but they could not understand the last purpose and inner perfection of the world. Although his definition of knowledge and standpoint of the philosophy of consciousness were broken through by Fichte, Schelling and Hegel, his teleology and subjectivism had influenced them deeply.

关 键 词：康德 目的论 美学 判断力 

分 类 号：B516[哲学宗教—外国哲学]