初中生自我伤害行为危险因素分析  

Risk factor analysis for self-harm behavior in junior high school students

作　　者：王蕾 孙月吉[2] 林媛[2] 金鑫[2] 李旭红[2] 刘媛[2] 梁杰 

机构地区：[1]大连市虎滩干休所门诊部,辽宁大连116013 [2]大连医科大学精神卫生教研室,辽宁大连116044 [3]大连市第三十七中学,辽宁大连116012

出　　处：《大连医科大学学报》2014年第5期445-451,共7页Journal of Dalian Medical University

摘　　要：目的调查大连市1 463名在校初中生的自伤发生率及其相关危险因素。方法以符合CCMD-3蓄意自我伤害诊断标准的75名初中生为研究组(自伤组),匹配正常者为对照组。方法采用一般问卷、青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)、父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)和应付方式问卷(CSA)进行调查。结果自伤检出率为5.4%,其中男生2.8%,女生2.6%,性别间差异无显著性意义(χ2=1.636,P=0.441)。13岁为蓄意自伤高发年龄,各年龄组间差异明显(χ2=20.827,P=0.000)。ASLEC量表中的人际关系、学习压力因子,组间差异明显(t1-2=2.082,4.033;P1-2=0.039,0.000),"学习压力"是初中生主要压力源;EMBU量表中父母"情感温暖"在自伤组得分显著低于正常组(父亲t=-3.839,P=0.000;母亲t=-4.007,P=0.000);CSA量表的自责、退避、幻想因子分组间差异显著(自责t=3,577,P=0.000;退避t=4.294,P=0.000;幻想t=2.589,P=0.011)。二元Logistic回归分析揭示初中生自伤行为危险因素包括:自责、退避、合理化、学习压力和被惩罚;自伤行为的危险因素存在性别差异。结论初中生自伤行为发生率较高,主要危险因素是学习压力、父母关爱不足、人际交往问题。Objective To investigate self-harm incidence and risk factors in junior high school students in Dalian city.Methods 75 junior high school students,who met the DSH diagnosis standards of CCMD- 3,were recruited in the study group. Control group included matched normal students. The study used General Screening Questionnaire,Adolescent Life Event Scale（ ASLEC）,EMBU（ Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran） and Coping Style Questionnaire（ CSA）. Results The rate of self- harm behavior was 5. 4% in the junior high school students with 2. 8% in boys and 2. 6% in girls.There was no significant difference between genders（ χ^2= 1. 636,P = 0. 441）. In all subjects,13 year- old was the highest danger age for self- harm behavior. There was significant difference among different age（ χ^2= 20. 827,P = 0. 000）. In the ASLEC scale score,there were significant differences on interpersonal relations＇ and study pressure＇（ t1- 2= 2. 082,4. 033; P1- 2= 0. 039,0. 000）. In EMBU questionnaire,parent＇s Emotional Warmth＇was the major risk factor and was significantly lower in the self- harm group（ Father t =- 3. 839,P = 0. 000 and Mother t =- 4. 007,P = 0. 000）. In the CSA,significant differences were found among Self- accusation,Retreat,and Fantasy factors（ Self- accusation t = 3. 577,P =0. 000; Retreat t = 4. 294,P = 0. 000; Fantasy t = 2. 589,P = 0. 011）. Binary Logistic regression analysis revealed 5 risk factors for self- harm including Self- accusation,Retreat,Rationalization,Study pressure and punishment. Gender difference was observed in the risk factors. Conclusion Self- harm behavior often occurs in junior high school students. The main risks include study pressure,lack of parent＇s warmth,and interpersonal relation problems.

关 键 词：蓄意自我伤害 初中生 学习压力 父母养育方式 应对能力 相关危险因素 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]