汽车天窗风振噪声分析与优化控制  

Analysis and optimal control for car sunroof buffeting noise

作　　者：杨振东[1,2] 谷正气[1,3] 董光平[1] 杨晓涛[1] 申红丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室,长沙410082 [2]湖南涉外经济学院机械工程学院,长沙410205 [3]湖南工业大学,湖南株洲412007

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2014年第21期193-201,共9页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50975083);交通运输部新世纪十百千人才培训项目(20120222);湖南大学汽车车身先进设计与制造国家重点实验室自主课题资助项目(734215002);财政部创新团队(0420236017);湖南省教育厅科研项目(13C490)

摘　　要：运用大涡模拟(LES)和FW-H声学模型,对某轿车天窗开启工况下风振噪声特性进行了数值仿真,揭示了天窗风振噪声的产生机理。在对轿车天窗风振噪声特性研究的基础上,引入现代优化算法,设计目标为降低驾驶员右耳及乘员左耳的噪声加权值。首先,选取某轿车的天窗开槽导流板作为优化对象,将导流板安装角度、开槽宽度及开槽深度定义成设计变量,通过设计实验选取20个样本点,采用kriging模型建立近似模型,并利用多岛遗传算法进行优化设计,获得了理想的导流板参数。仿真结果表明,优化后的导流板相比初始导流板,在监测点处其风振噪声的声压级降低了21.6%。The transient exterior flow field of a car was computed with LES,and then its sunroof buffeting noise characteristic was predicted using FW-H acoustic model based on Lighthil-Curle acoustic analogy theory.Based on a car’s sunroof buffeting noise features,a modern optimization algorithm was introduced here for sunroof deflector’s design.The main design objective was to minimize the weights of sound pressure level （SPL）values of driver’s left ear and passenger’s right ear.The deflector’s installation angle,groove width and depth were taken as design variables.Based on twenty sampling points with the method of design of experiment （DOE）,a Kriging model was constructed.Then,the genetic algorithms were used to optimize the shape of the deflector,and a set of optimal parameters was obtained.Simulation results showed that the monitoring point’s SPL of buffeting noise after the deflector optimization reduces 21.6%,compared with that of the original deflector.

关 键 词：天窗风振噪声 大涡模拟(LES) FW-H声学模型 导流板 优化 

分 类 号：U461.1[机械工程—车辆工程]