美国大学全球健康学本科人才培养概述  

Review of undergraduate program on global health in American universities

作　　者：向浩[1] 毛宗福[1] 秦欢[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学公共卫生学院,武汉大学全球健康研究中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2015年第1期190-192,F0003,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：美国中华医学基金会(CMB)项目"基于胜任力的全球健康人才培养实践和理论探索"(13-134);武汉大学课程体系改革试点基地项目"全球健康专业课程体系建设";武汉大学医学部教学改革项目"以能力为导向的国际化-复合型公共卫生创新人才培养模式的研究"

摘　　要：随着健康问题的全球化,全球健康人才的需求持续增长,针对全球健康本科生的培养问题已成为国际医学教育研究的热点。本研究采用系统综述的方法,比较分析美国四所大学开设的全球健康本科专业的培养方案。结果显示,培养目标方面,均强调培养具有国际化视野,以健康公平和健康服务均等化为工作目标的复合型人才;岗位胜任力方面,强调识别和评估特定地区居民的健康状况及其影响因素的能力,分析和解决健康问题的能力,在不同文化和地区背景下制定和实施卫生政策的能力等;课程开设方面,四所学校均设置了约120个学分,但各个学校课程模块的设置有较大差别;就业方面,强调可在医学领域、政府及非政府组织就业。然而,国外不同高校的培养体系差异较大,尚未形成较为成熟的培养模式,本研究将为我国制定相应的人才培养方案提供有效的参考和依据。Objective With the globalization of health, the demand of global health professionals continues to grow, and the cultivation of the global health undergraduates has become a hot topic. Methods This study adopted the method of systematic review. Four global health programs from American universities were analyzed, and the comparative analysis showed that there are similarities and differences among programs. Results The common points concerning training objectives include the abilities to apply the knowledge into practice, identification and solution to critical problems, especially the health problems in underdeveloped areas. The common points concerning competence requirements includes competence in identifying and assessing the residential health conditions in specific areas, analyzing and addressing health issues, making and implementing health laws and serving in resource poor regions. A total of about 120 credits are required during four years in these four universities. However, a remarkable difference among ratios regarding elective courses to compulsory courses should not be ignored. Conclusion Graduates could work in medicine-related companies and organizations, governments and non-government institutions. Each university and institute could make a curriculum program for global health undergraduates according to their objectives, situations and characteristics.

关 键 词：全球健康 本科生 培养方案 

分 类 号：G51[文化科学—教育学]