无意视盲的认知神经机制  

The Cognitive Neural Mechanism of Inattentional Blindness

作　　者：张慧[1,2] 施建农[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100039 [3]Department of Learning and Philosophy,Aalborg University

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2014年第12期1867-1874,共8页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目资助(2012BAI36B02);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目资助(KSCX2-EW-J-8)

摘　　要：无意视盲现象是指即使某些刺激物出现在视野中,观察者也并没有觉察到这些刺激物的存在。这种现象在我们的现实生活中普遍存在,它是许多交通和医疗事故的罪魁祸首。回顾前人的研究结果我们发现,从认知行为角度出发,无意视盲主要由两方面原因引起,即"资源有限"与"注意定势"。一般情况下,"资源有限"与"注意定势"会共同导致无意视盲;但有时候,"注意定势"也会独立于"资源有限"直接导致无意视盲。另外,从大脑神经机制的角度来看,"资源有限"与"注意定势"作用于大脑加工的中后期,即使产生无意视盲,意识加工脑区对非预期刺激也进行了一定的认知加工,但是否能进入到意识层面,一方面取决于刺激呈现后中期枕顶部位的意识输入,另一方面取决于与刺激驱动相关的颞顶联合区的激活程度以及与记忆负荷相关的顶内沟的抑制程度。Inattentional blindness refers to that observers cannot detect some stimuli even if the stimuli stand exactly where their gaze falls. This phenomenon is common among our daily life and contributes to many traffic and medical accidents. We reviewed the papers and found that ＂limited resource＂ and ＂attentional set＂ take accounts to this phenomenon. In general, the two causes contribute to this phenomenon simultaneously. However, ＂attentional set＂ will lead to this phenomenon independent of ＂limited resource＂. More in depth, from the aspect of neuro-mechanism, ＂limited resource＂ and ＂attentional set＂ acted on the middle stage of brain processing. The unexpected stimuli have ever received some conscious processing in the traditional conscious processing region even when they are not been aware of. The conscious inputs in occipital-parietal areas in the middle stage, the activation level of temporo-parietal junction and intraparietal sulcus determine whether the unexpected stimuli can arrive to conscious level.

关 键 词：无意视盲 资源有限 注意定势 意识加工脑区 颞顶联合区 顶内沟 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]