医生工作资源对工作要求与职业倦怠关系的调节作用  

Mediation Effects of the Doctors' Job Resource on Relationships between the Job Demand and Job Burnout

作　　者：崔妫[1,2] 王芳[2] 许燕[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所 [2]北京师范大学,100875

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2014年第12期1786-1790,共5页China Journal of Health Psychology

摘　　要：目的探究工作要求和医生职业倦怠的关系,以及工作资源在二者关系中的调节作用,为医生职业倦怠的干预提供一定借鉴。方法 2012年底使用改编的医生职业倦怠量表和工作要求-资源量表,对全国10地区510名医生进行测查。结果医生整体工作要求与职业倦怠三维度(情绪衰竭、去人性化、低个人成就感)均呈显著正相关(r=0.33,0.36;P<0.001;r=0.18,P<0.01),医生工作协调性要求、工作强度要求与去人性化呈显著正相关(r=0.21,0.20;P<0.001),医生工作强度要求、知识技能要求与医生低成就感呈显著正相关(r=0.12,P<0.01;r=0.23,P<0.001)。医生工作自主性与情绪衰竭、与去人性化呈显著负相关(r=-0.20,P<0.001;r=-0.10,P<0.05),社会支持与职业倦怠三维度呈显著负相关(r=-0.21,-0.22;P<0.001;r=-0.13,P<0.01)。工作自主性对工作协调性要求与去人性化有正向调节作用(β=0.114;P<0.05),社会支持对工作协调性要求、工作强度要求与医生去人性化有负向调节作用(β=-0.104,-0.102;P<0.05),社会支持对工作强度要求、知识技能要求与低成就感有负向调节作用(β=-0.146,-0.149;P<0.01)。结论在我国医生群体的职业倦怠现象较为普遍,本研究发现工作资源对工作要求与医生职业倦怠具有调节作用,为医生职业倦怠的干预措施和手段提供了一定理论依据。Objective To explore the moderating effects of doctors＇ job resource on relationships between their job demand and job burnout and try to provide some advise for the doctors＇ burnout intervention. Methods 510 doctors from ten areas of China participates the survey. Results Job demand of doctors positively correlated with three dimensions of job burnout（ emotional exhaustion,depersonalization,and dimished personal accomplishment）（ r = 0. 33,0. 36; P 0. 001; r = 0. 18,P 0. 01）,both of job cooperative demands and job high strength demands of doctors positively correlated with depersonalization（ r = 0. 21,0. 20; P 0. 001）,both of job high strength demands and knowledge and skills demands of doctors positively correlated with the dimished personal accomplishment（ r = 0. 12,0. 23;P 0. 001）,job autonomy of doctoers negatively correlated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization（ r =-0. 20,P 0. 001; r =-0. 10,P 0. 05）,social support negatively correlated with three dimensions of Job burnout of doctors（ r =-0. 21,-0. 22; P 0. 001; r =-0. 13,P 0. 01）. Job autonomy was the positive moderator on relationships between job cooperative demands and depersonalization of doctors（ β = 0. 114; P 0. 05）. Social support was the negative moderator on relationship between job cooperative demands and depersonalization,and job high strength demands and depersonalization（ β =-0. 104,-0. 102; P 0. 05）. In addition,social support was negative moderator on relationship between job high strength demands and dimished personal accomplishment,and knowledge and skills demands and dimished personal accomplishment（ β =-0. 146,-0. 149; P 0. 01）. Conclusion The job burnout among doctors in China has become a common phenomenon,the studies have testified that the moderating effects of job resource on relationships between the job demand and job burnout of doctors and can provides some consults for doctors＇ job burnout intervention.

关 键 词：职业倦怠 情绪衰竭 去人性化 个人成就感低 工作要求-资源模型 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]