学龄儿童工作记忆结构的验证研究  

The Structure of Working Memory in Childhood

作　　者：王晓丽[1] 孙志凤[2] 陈国鹏[3] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学心理学院,兰州730070 [2]南京大学教育研究院,南京210093 [3]华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《心理学探新》2014年第6期499-504,共6页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：全国教育规划教育部青年项目(EBA100363)

摘　　要：该研究目标是验证儿童工作记忆是否符合Baddeley提出的由中央执行、情景缓冲区、语音环路及视觉空间模板构成的四成分模型。211名6~9岁小学生完成9个工作记忆任务,这些任务分别测量工作记忆四个子成分的功能。验证性因素分析表明,四因素模型比三因素模型和单因素模型更好地拟合数据。在小学阶段儿童工作记忆不是一个单一的结构,已经分化为四个子成分构成的记忆系统。The current study aimed to explore the organization of the working memory in childhood. 211 primary school students aged from 6 to 9 years were given multiple assessments to tap the four subcomponents clarified by Baddeley（2000）working memory model. The results showed phonological memory, visuo - spatial storage, central executive functions and episodic buffer capacity grew with age at similar pace during 6 to 9 years of age. Confirmative factor analysis showed that a model consisting of four distinct components corresponding to the Baddeley （2000）working memory model provided a good fit to the data. Evidence of current study support Baddeley＇ s four components working memory model consisting of phonological loop, visua - spatial sketchpad, central executive and episodic buffer, and the four components structure of working memory is present from 6 to 9 years of age and possibly earlier.

关 键 词：工作记忆 验证性因素分析 儿童 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]