个体主义—集体主义的跨文化比较——区分参照对象的视角  

The Cross- Cultural Comparison on Individualism- Collectivism——From the Perspective of Distinguishing between the Reference Targets

作　　者：陈玲丽[1] 金盛华[2] 刘文[3] 孙丽[4] 

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学人文与社会科学学院,长沙410074 [2]北京师范大学心理学院,北京100875 [3]湖南第一师范学院教育科学系,长沙410205 [4]贵州大学心理健康教育咨询中心,贵阳550025

出　　处：《心理学探新》2014年第6期548-553,共6页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：全国联校教育社科医学研究论文奖计划资助(JY08019);2014年湖南省教育科学"十二五"规划项目(XJK014QXL001)

摘　　要：目的:通过区分参照对象,探讨中西方被试在个体主义一集体主义上的可能差异及具体表现。方法:采用中英文版自编问卷和马洛—克罗恩社会赞许性量表进行测量,其中中国被试453名和西方被试180名,并进行跨文化比较。结果:当参照对象是"自己"、一般关系群体时中西方被试没有显著差异;当参照对象是亲密关系群体、泛群体时中国被试得分显著高于西方被试,但两者的效应值都不高;参照对象对因变量的影响力效应值达到0.33;单纯主要效果比较显示中国被试的亲密关系群体总分>"自己">一般关系群体>泛群体(两两之间差异显著),西方被试的"自己"总分>亲密关系群体>一般关系群体>泛群体(两两之间差异显著)。主要结论如下:文化间在个体主义—集体主义上的差异并不明显;参照对象对个体主义—集体主义的影响显著,随着人际距离由亲到疏中西方被试越倾向于个体主义。Objective： To explore the IND - COL differences between Chinese and Westerners from the perspective of distinguishing be- tween the reference targets. Methods ： The developed Individualism - Collectivism Questionnaire and Marlowe - Crowne Social Desirabili- ty Scale were adopted to test 453 Chinese and 180 Westerners （mainly Canadians）. Results：Chinese subjects were not less individualis- tic than the Western ones with respect to ＂individual self＂ and ＂relational others＂, they were significantly more collectivistic than the Western ones with respect to ＂intimate others＂ and ＂unspecified group＂ ;however, the effect size was small. The effect size of reference target was significant. Post Hoe Multiple Comparison＇ s results indicated that the sort of the total score of sub - questionnaire was the following：according to Chinese,＂ intimate others＂ 〉 ＂individual self＂ 〉 ＂relational others＂ 〉 ＂unspecified group＂ （significant differ- ence between any two ） ; according to Westerners, ＂individual self＂ 〉 ＂intimate others＂ 〉 ＂relational others＂ 〉 ＂unspecified group＂ （significant difference between any two）. Conclusions：There were no significant cultural difference between Chinese and Westernerns. The main effect of reference target was significant, Both Chinese and Westernerns inclined to show more individualism with the interper- sonal distance from close to alienate.

关 键 词：个体主义 集体主义 参照对象 关系集体 泛集体 

分 类 号：B848[哲学宗教—心理学]