2013年中国气候概况  

Climatic Characteristics over China in 2013

作　　者：侯威[1] 陈峪[1] 李莹[1] 王有民[1] 王遵娅[1] 朱晓金[1] 周兵[1] 叶殿秀[1] 赵珊珊[1] 蔡雯悦[1] 尹宜舟[1] 钟海玲[1] 赵琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气象》2014年第4期482-493,共12页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划(2012CB955901);国家自然科学基金项目(41305056和41375069)共同资助

摘　　要：2013年,全国平均降水量653.5 mm,较常年偏多4%,比2012年略偏少;冬季降水偏少,春、夏、秋三季偏多。全国平均气温较常年偏高0.6℃,为1961年以来第四暖年,较2012年偏高0.8℃;冬季气温偏低,春、夏、秋三季偏高。2013年,东亚冬季风偏强;夏季西北太平洋副热带高压强度明显偏弱;南海夏季风爆发早,结束晚,强度弱。2013年,华南前汛期开始早、结束晚、雨量多;长江中下游人梅晚、出梅早、雨量少;华北雨季早、雨量多;华西秋雨开始早、结束晚、雨量多;西南雨季开始早、结束晚、雨量少。2013年,我国暴雨、台风和高温热浪等气象灾害比较突出,局部地区灾情重。总体来看,2013年气象灾害为中等年份,直接经济损失偏重,死亡失踪人数和受灾面积均偏少。In 2013, the mean annual precipitation in China was 653. 5 mm, 4% higher than normal and slightly less than in 2012. The seasonal precipitation was below normal in winter, but above normal in spring, summer and fall. The annual mean temperature over China was the fourth highest since 1961, 0.6℃ higher than normal and 0.8℃ higher than in 2012. Mean temperature was lower than normal in win- ter, but persistently higher than normal in spring, summer, and fall. In 2013, the winter monsoon in East Asia was stronger than normal and the subtropical high intensity over the Northwest Pacific in summer was weaker clearly; the summer monsoon in the South China Sea broke out earlier but ended later with weak intensity. Besides, the first rainy season in South China began earlier and ended later with a larger amount of precipitation than normal. The beginning of Meiyu in the middle and low reaches of Yangtze River started later and ended earlier with less precipitation than normal. The rainy season in North China began earlier, bringing more precipitation than normal. The beginning of autumnal rain of Huaxi （Western China） started earlier and ended later with a smaller amount of precipitation than normal. The rainy season in Southwest China started earlier and ended later than normal with a small amount of precipitation. In 2013, the main meteorological disasters in China were rainstorms, typhoons, heat wave, bringing seriouslosses to local areas. In general, 2013 wasa year with moderate meteorological disaster, and the economic losses were serious, but the death toll and disaster-hit areas were fewer in amount.

关 键 词：降水 气温 气象灾害 

分 类 号：P461[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]