“V上”的语义类型及其认知分析  

Semantic Categories of “V up”and Their Cognitive Analysis

作　　者：信晓倩[1] 卢卫中[1] 

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学翻译学院,山东日照276826

出　　处：《外语教学》2015年第1期43-46,共4页Foreign Language Education

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"英汉词汇对比:认知语义视角"(项目编号:11BYY114);教育部人文社科研究规划项目"词汇语义的认知语言学研究"(项目编号:09YJA740070)的阶段性成果

摘　　要："V上"的基本共时义,大致可以归纳为如下四种:向上的趋势、动作的实现、行为的开始/状态的实现以及动作数量、价值或程度的累积。本文在对"V上"的语义类型进行分析的基础上,力图揭示"V上"结构的隐喻和转喻机制。研究表明,客体上升是个有起点有终点的位移过程,而事件的完成、动作的累积以及状态的变化也是个有起点有终点的位移过程,因此,"V上"的隐喻机制在于客体上升与事件过程这两者之间具有相似性,符合隐喻的内涵;而其转喻机制是用客体上升三要素中的一个或两个要素来代指事件的整个过程,符合部分代整体的内涵;对于大部分"V上"结构来说,隐喻和转喻机制往往共同作用于其语义生成过程。The basic synchronic semantics of ＂V up＂ can be roughly grouped into the following four types： the upward tenden- cy, realization of an action, starting of an action/realization of a state, and accumulation of an action in amount, value or ex- tent. Based on an analysis of the varied semantics of ＂V up＂, this paper attempts to reveal the cognitive mechanisms of meta- phor and metonymy underlying this structure. The study shows that 1 ） the going up of an object is a displacement with both a starting point and an end point, which can be mapped onto the process of the completion of an event, accumulation of an ac- tion, and state change of an action, hence the mechanism of metaphor of ＂V up＂, which lies in the similarity between the for- mer and the latter; 2） the mechanism of metonymy of ＂V up＂ lies in the use of one or two of the three elements involved in the going up of an object to stand for the whole process, hence a type of PART FOR WHOLE metonymy; and 3 ） for most of the ＂V up＂ structures, both metaphor and metonymy tend to work jointly in the generation of their semantics.

关 键 词：V上 语义类型 隐喻 转喻 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]