高温分解与乳酸菌分步发酵提高秸秆饲料消化率及适口性  

Improving digestibility and palatability of straw feed by separating lignocellulose decomposition and lactic acid bacteria fermentation

作　　者：刘晶晶[1] 刘小平 师建芳[3] 王小芬[1] 袁旭峰[1] 崔宗均[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193 [2]山东省金乡县农业局植保站,金乡272200 [3]农业部规划设计研究院农产品加工工程研究所,北京100125

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第22期290-299,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家十二五科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B01)

摘　　要：以提高秸秆饲料的消化率和适口性为目的,该研究1)以干玉米秸秆为材料,接种木质纤维素分解菌复合系WDC2,进行高温分解发酵;2)以乳酸菌复合系SFC-2为接种物,进行乳酸菌液体发酵;3)将乳酸菌发酵液以质量体积比1∶1比例均匀喷洒到发酵秸秆中,制备发酵秸秆饲料。该研究从营养学和分子生态学角度探讨了高温分解与乳酸菌分步发酵提高秸秆饲料消化率和及适口性的可行性。结果表明,经高温分解发酵,秸秆中微生物多样性丰富,不含致病菌。以南阳黄牛为研究对象,秸秆的干物质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维体外消化率分别提高了13.94%、22.56%和21.12%,采食量提高21.71%;部分分解的秸秆经乳酸菌发酵液吸附后,粗蛋白增加36.17%。秸秆的高温分解发酵与乳酸菌的乳酸发酵相结合的饲料制作工艺,即提高了秸秆的消化率和营养价值,也改善了秸秆的适口性。In China, about 7.0×10^8 t of crop straws may be collected annually, and the amount suitable for converting to feed was approximately accounted for 85.67%. However, low digestibility and protein content prevent its use in feedlots, much of these materials were disposed by burning, which resulted in environmental pollution. A matrix formed by lignin and hemicellulose surrounds the orderly cellulose microfibrils and reduces their digestibility. The breakdown of the bonds between lignin and cellulose is the key to transform the lignocellulosic substrate into a high quality feed for ruminants. Studies have provided various results that removal of lignin enhanced the digestibility of straws. Although hemicellulose has higher potential digestibility than the other cell wall components, its degradation was not maximized because it concentrated in the primary wall, and no research results has been provided that the removal of hemicelluloses enhanced the digestibility. In order to improve the digestibility and nutrition value of air-dried corn stalk, and to develop a convenient and practical straw feed processing technology, experiments were carried out as follows：1） Corn stalk was fermented at 60℃in a feed fermentation machine for 5 days, after the moisture content of which was adjusted to 60%, and hemicellulose-degrading microflora WDC2 was inoculated in them; 2） Lactic acid bacteria community S FC-2 was cultivated in a fermentation tank, the working volume of which was 30 L; 3） Culture broth of SFC-2 was sprayed evenly on the corn stalk being partially degraded, at the rate of 1：1 （m/v） to produce fermented straw feed. In this study, the feasibility of bioconversion of straw as forage by dividing the fermentation into lignocellulose decomposition of corn stalk and malolactic fermentation of lactic acid bacteria, was discussed from the nutriology and the molecular ecology. The results indicated that after 5 days high-temperature fermentation, the degradation rates of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin

关 键 词：秸秆 发酵 温度 木质纤维素分解 半纤维素 消化率 乳酸菌 

分 类 号：S816.6[农业科学—饲料科学]