从整体论、还原论到新的整体论——论生物学方法论的革命  

From Holism, Reductionism to New Holism——Revolutions of Biology Methodology

作　　者：王子明[1] 孟建伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学人文学院,北京100049

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2015年第1期97-102,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：在生物学历史上大致经历了三次方法论的革命,并因此带来了生物学范式的三次转变。第一次整体论方法论革命是把生物作为整体进行科学研究,其主要代表学说为达尔文的进化论。第二次还原论的方法论革命更多地深入到生物的微观结构来研究生物的机制和功能,其标志理论为分子生物学。第三次新的整体论的方法论革命则体现了多种方法论、研究进路以及最新科技手段的多重融合,其代表学说为系统生物学。三次革命所呈现出不断递进的过程揭示只有对认识论的原理层面产生作用的方法论才是更为先进的方法论,也才可能对生命本质问题的探索产生深远影响。In the history of biology, there are roughly three revolutions of methodology, and thus bring the three biological paradigms. The first revolu- tion is Holism methodology which regards creature as a whole to carry out scientific research, and its representative theories is Darwin＇s Theory of Evolution. The second revolution of Reductionism goes more into the micro structure of organisms to study the mechanism and function of living be- ings, whose representative theory is molecular biology. The third revolution of New Holism methodology shows more multiple fusions of kinds of methodologies, research approaches and the latest technological means, whose representative theory is systems biology. The process of three revolutions reflects that only when a methodology has an strong effect on the principle of epistemology level, we can say that it is a more advanced one, and would has a far-reaching impact on the exploration of the nature of life.

关 键 词：生物学 方法论 整体论 还原论 新的整体论 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]