下颌骨观察性状的时代间比较  

Variation of non-metric mandibular traits in time periods

作　　者：戴成萍[1] 李海军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《解剖学杂志》2014年第6期791-794,共4页Chinese Journal of Anatomy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金（41102015）,国家民委中青年英才培养计划项目;北京市社会科学规划项目（12LSC013）;北京市支持中央在京高校共建项目-教改子项目资助

摘　　要：目的：分析中国现代人群下颌骨几项观察性状的表现及时代变异特点.方法：下颌骨干骨379例,其中新石器时代56例,青铜铁器时代210例,近代113例,将髁突冠突高低,颏孔开口方向,舌骨沟桥,舌骨沟宽,舌骨沟深,下颌前翘,摇椅式下颌等分为几个类型,统计各个类型的主要形态表现、在不同时代间的出现率,比较时代间的差异.结果：冠突主要表现为不低于髁突（85.8％）;颏孔的开口主要朝后上（70.9％）;舌骨沟桥（明显）的出现率6.2％;舌骨沟宽大多为细（47％）和中（36.1％）;下颌前翘的出现率为35.5％,摇椅式下颌的出现率很低（4.6％）,以上观察性状无明显时代差异.舌骨沟宽的宽度在“中”以上的比例,在新石器时代、青铜铁器时代和近代,左侧分别为24％、45.8％、59.6％,右侧分别为36.7％、46.8％、55.6％.结论：舌骨沟宽随时代而增宽,可能反映了走行其中的神经、血管随时代而增粗.其他观察性状没有整齐规律性的时代变化.Objective：To understand the variation of some non-metric mandibular traits of Chinese population in Holocene.Methods：This study was conducted on 379 human mandibles from China,among which 56 specimens were from Neolithic age,210 mandibles were from Bronze-Iron age,and 113 specimens were from Present Mandibular trait.The processus condylaris and coronoid process,opening of mental foramen,mylohyoid groove bridging,mylohyoid groove breadth,mylohyoid groove depth,mandibular anterior tilt,and rocking chair-like mandible were divided into several types,and then comparisons were made among different time periods.Results：The opening of the mental foramen was mainly upper posterior （70.9％） ; the occurrence rate of mylohyoid groove bridging （obvious） was around 6.2％ ; the mylohyoid groove breadth was 47.0％ for the thin type and 36.1％ for the medium-sized; the occurrence rate of mandibular anterior tilt was 35.5 ％,while the occurrence rate of ＂rocking chair＂ mandible was 4.6％.There was no statistical significance in these traits.The occurrence rates of left mylohyoid groove breadth （over ＂medium＂） were 24 ％,45.8 ％ and 59.6 ％ respectively for Neolithic Age,Bronze-Iron Age,and Present,while those of the right were 36.7％,46.8％ and 55.6％.Conclusion：The width of mylohyoid groove increases with the times,which may reflect that the sizes of the related nerves and the blood vessels increase with the time.Other observable features do not have regular variations over time.

关 键 词：下颌骨 观察性状 现代人 

分 类 号：R782.4[医药卫生—口腔医学]