台州市中小学生近视状况抽样调查  

A Sampling Analysis of Primary and Middle School Students Myopia of Taizhou City

作　　者：黄聪[1] 周耐 王微微[1] 侯乐佳 颜晓怡 杨敏[1] 黄芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]台州学院医学院,浙江台州318000

出　　处：《台州学院学报》2014年第6期64-67,共4页Journal of Taizhou University

基　　金：台州市高校区域优势特色专业项目建设;台州学院"3+0.5+0.5"人才培养模式改革试点项目;2014台州学院校立学生课题资助项目

摘　　要：目的了解台州市中小学生近视现状及影响因素,为预防中小学生近视提供科学依据。方法按分层整群随机抽样原则,对台州市767例中小学生近视状况进行问卷调查。采用SPSS 17.00软件进行数据统计。结果中小学生近视患病率为55.15%,其中7~9岁、10~12岁、13~15岁、16~18岁分别为25.00%、39.55%、64.96%、85.71%,近视患病率随年龄增长而增高且不同年龄段近视率有显著差异性（χ2=34.09,P=0.000）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示近视危险因素从大到小依次为读写坐姿不良（OR=5.63）、遗传（OR=3.65）、桌椅高度不适合（OR=3.6）、平均每天用眼时间≥5h（OR=2.59）、饮食习惯不良（OR=1.48）,而平均每天睡眠时间≥8h（OR=0.45）是保护因素。结论中小学生近视患病率较高,养成端正姿势、平衡膳食、合适时间用眼、合适桌椅高度等科学用眼习惯对保护视力很重要。Objective To understand the myopia of primary and middle school students in Taizhou and analyze the causes of myopia, to provide a scientific basis for taking precautions against Primary and middle school students myopia. Methods By stratified random sampling of the group,767 primary and middle school students were asked to answer the questionnaires. The data were analyzed with SPSS17.0. Result The poor vision rate of primary and middle school student was 55.15%. 25.00% of students aged 7~9, 39.55% aged 10~12, 64.96% aged13~15, and 85.71% aged 16~18 suffered from myopia. As we can see, prevalence of myopia increases with age growth and the myopia rate has significant differences in different age（ 34.09,P=0.000）. The order of the myopia risky factors was poor reading and writing posture（OR=5.63）,heredity（OR=3.65）,improper height of desks and chairs（OR=3.6）,the average daily use of eye time ≥5h（OR=2.59）、and bad eating habits（OR=1.48）,but the average daily sleeping time≥8h（OR=0.45） is a protective factor. Conclusions The poor vision rate of primary and middle school students is high. Correct posture, a balanced diet, appropriate time for eye use, proper height of desks and chairs, and other scientific habits of eyes are very important to protect our vision.

关 键 词：中小学生 近视 现况调查 LOGISTIC模型 

分 类 号：G637.8[文化科学—教育学] R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]