民营企业家的社会身份与企业雇佣行为  

Private Business Owners' Social Status and Hiring Behaviors

作　　者：熊琪[1] 张永艳[2] 何晓斌[3] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学管理学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]暨南大学经济学院,广东广州510632 [3]复旦大学管理学院,上海200433

出　　处：《经济管理》2015年第2期75-83,共9页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"基于共同演化视角的新创企业政治策略和生存风险研究"(71472050);教育部博士点基金项目"民营企业代际传承中继承者培养模式与企业成长战略及业绩的关系研究"(20110142120087)

摘　　要：民营企业广泛吸纳社会就业,但民营企业的一些雇佣行为饱受诟病,主要体现在拖欠工资、劳动强度过高,以及缺乏基本福利保障等。实际上,不同的民营企业在雇佣行为上存在很大差别。民营企业家是企业决策机制的中心,他们的社会身份可能会影响企业的雇佣行为,但是,现有研究很少从民营企业家社会身份出发解释这种差异。本文利用中国民营企业调查数据,研究了民营企业家社会身份(包括政治身份、政党身份和商业身份)对其雇佣行为(雇佣规模、员工薪酬水平和基本福利水平)的影响。分析结果表明,拥有社会身份的民营企业家,其企业的员工数量和员工薪酬水平更高;拥有政党身份和商业身份的民营企业家,其企业的基本福利水平更高;拥有或未拥有政治身份的民营企业家,其企业的基本福利水平没有显著差异。由此说明,具有社会身份的企业家可能做出更多有利于社会的雇佣行为,而不是单纯地追求企业经济发展;在民营企业基本福利体系的构建方面,政党身份和商业身份比政治身份对民营企业家更有约束力。本研究对于深入理解民营企业员工规模、薪酬水平和基本福利水平差异的原因有重要启发作用。Private enterprises play an irreplaceable role in job creation, economic growth, and social stability in China. According to the statistical data of State Administration for Industry ＆ Commerce （SAIC） and All-China Federation of Industry ＆ Commerce （ACFIC） in China, by the end of 2013, there were 12538.6 million private firms, and the economic output of private enterprises was more than sixty percent of the GDP. Also, they created O. 219 billion jobs in the labor market. Nevertheless, they are frequently criticized for problems in labor relations. Common problems are wage arrears, high labor intensity and lack of basic social security. The key conflict between labor and capital in private enterprises is essentially economic. Actually, the hiring behaviors vary considerably across private enterprises. As hiring decisions are usually made by the business owners or their agents, the business owners＇ social status may greatly influence hiring behaviors of the firms, which is little studied in extant research. Drawing on a nation-wide representative sample of private enterprises conducted in 2008 in China, this paper examines the effects of business owners＇ social status on their hiring behaviors. We find that （ 1 ） firms whose own- ers have strong social status, including political party status, political status （ members of People＇ Congress or People＇ s Political Consultative Committee） and business status （ members of industry associations or National Industry and Commercial Association） hire more employees and pay more compensation; （2） firms whose owners have strong political party status and business status have a higher level on basic social security, including medical insurance, pension, unemployment insurance, employment injury insurance, maternity insurance and housing fund; （3） There is no significant difference in basic social security among firms, no matter whose owners possess a political status or not. Besides, only few sample firms （over five percent） build

关 键 词：民营企业 社会身份 员工规模 薪酬水平 基本福利水平 

分 类 号：F276.5[经济管理—企业管理]