中国传统社会的乡绅阶层及其衰落  

The Squire Stratum and its Decline in Traditional Chinese Society

作　　者：徐继存[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学课程与教学研究中心,山东济南250014

出　　处：《当代教育与文化》2015年第1期102-107,共6页Contemporary Education and Culture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"中国乡村教化的百年嬗变研究"(11BH032)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在中国传统社会中,乡绅阶层占据重要地位,发挥着不可替代的作用。晚清以降,社会危机四伏,新旧嬗替的社会变革废除了延续千余年的科举制度,直接中断了乡绅阶层的继替,导致整个乡绅阶层的分化和消亡。从此,乡村社会政权痞化,社会关系恶化,阶级冲突激化,乡村经济凋敝,乡村文化衰落,城乡差距拉大,城乡一体的中国传统文化格局被打破了。The squire stratum held a central position and played an irreplaceable role in traditional Chinese society.Since the late Qing dynasty,the serious social crisis and the drastic social change led to the abolishment of the imperial examination system that had lasted for thousands of years,which disrupted the continuity of squire stratum and resulted in its differentiation and extinction.From then on,the unity of urban and rural areas in traditional Chinese culture has been broken up as the result of the new rural social regime,the deterioration of the social relations,the intensification of class conflicts,the decline of the rural economy and culture,and widening of the gap between urban and rural areas.

关 键 词：传统社会 乡绅 分化 衰落 影响 

分 类 号：G40-052.2[文化科学—教育学原理] G912[文化科学—教育学]