基于一维流动模型的高速列车隧道压力波特性  

Characters of Pressure Wave Caused by High-speed Trains Passing Tunnels Based on 1D Non-homentropic Flow Model

作　　者：贾永兴[1] 杨永刚[1] 梅元贵[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学机电工程学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2014年第24期106-114,共9页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划;2011CB711101);国家自然科学基金(51065013)资助项目

摘　　要：高速列车通过隧道过程中引起隧道内压力的剧烈波动,会诱发车内压力波动并可能引起车体疲劳破坏等问题。而研究此类问题的基础在于快速准确预测隧道压力波。基于一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动模型和广义黎曼变量特征线法,对单车通过隧道和两列车隧道内交会进行数值模拟。选取京沪高速铁路隧道为研究对象,通过全时间区域下隧道空间中的压力传播的过程图描述压力波的形成过程,给出隧道内交会压力波比单车通过隧道的压力波剧烈的原因,研究列车速度和阻塞比对车外最大压力值和最小压力值的影响特性。结果表明,高速列车通过京沪高铁典型长度隧道时,其车体表面承受的最大压力波动基本与车速的平方成正比,而其与阻塞比基本呈线性关系。When high-speed trains travel through tunnels, drastic pressure variations are generated. The pressure waves may cause aural discomfort and fatigue failure of the car body, which the basic problem is predicting the pressure wave rapidly. Computer programs which can predict the pressure wave caused by a single train or two crossing trains in the tunnel are introduced and validated. One-dimensional（1D）, compressible, unsteady, and non-homentropic flow model and method of characteristics of generalized Riemann variables are used in these programs. Railway tunnel with typical length in Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail line are studied. The generation of pressure wave is depicted through the spatial and temporal variations in pressure. The reason the pressure wave caused by two crossing trains is severer than that by the single train is qualitatively analyzed. And the effect of train speed and blockage ratio on the maximum and minimum external pressure excursion is studied. The result shows that the maximum pressure excursion is approximately proportional to the square of train speed and linear related to the blockage ratio when high-speed trains passing through or crossing in the tunnel of typical length in Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail line.

关 键 词：高速列车 隧道压力波 一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动模型 特征线法 

分 类 号：U238[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] V211[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]