布朗运动的发现及其所蕴涵的科学本质探析  

Discovery of Brownian Motion and Its Nature of Science

作　　者：陈彦芬[1] 

机构地区：[1]衡水学院化工学院,河北衡水053000

出　　处：《衡水学院学报》2015年第1期97-101,共5页Journal of Hengshui University

摘　　要：对于如何在科学教育过程中实现科学本质教育这一目标,研究者提出了多种模式和观点.其中,在科学课程与教学中融合科学史,即HPS教育模式受到人们的重视.布朗运动的发现过程蕴含了丰富的科学本质观教育内容.从布朗运动的发现过程可以看出,要成为在某一领域有重要贡献的科学家,需要奉献、时间以及被相应的科学共同体认可的特殊技术和理论能力;一个科学问题的提出和研究,会受到社会文化和技术水平的影响;科学的本质就是一种探究过程,这种探究过程主要包括观察和提出问题、形成假设、实验求证、得出和交流结论四大基本步骤;科学应当是民主的,这种民主的主要表现之一就是所有的知识主张应当被公平对待,无论这些知识主张的来源如何,即普遍性与公正性标准;科学是不断发展的,布朗运动的发现直至解释经历了布朗的实验观察、古伊的定性研究、爱因斯坦的定量理论模型、贝兰的实验验证等几个阶段.所以,科学具有一种动态的品质,它的一个永恒不变的性质就是变化,就科学的理论内容而言,科学"永远是临时的".There are many views about how to realize the objective of education of the nature of science. HPS model is paid great attention. The process of the discovery of Brownian Motion implied many views of the nature of science. That is, to become a scientist who is recognized as a significant contributor to any field requires dedication, time, and particular technical and theoretical competences recognized by the peer group. Science is a social activity and that the creation of scientific theories and the acceptance of procedures and results is also a matter of social negotiation. Science is an inquiry process which mainly includes observing and raising questions, hypothesizing, verifying with experiments, giving results and communicating. Science is democratic and all knowledge claims should be treated equally, independent of their source, adhering to the norms of universalism and impartiality. Science is in continuous evolution, and the discovery of Brownian Motion experienced Brown＇s experimental observation, Gouy＇s qualitative research, Einstein＇s quantitive theoretical model and Perrin＇s experiments. Science has a dynamic nature and change is its invariability. As for the theoretical contents, science is always ＂temporary＂.

关 键 词：科学本质 布朗 布朗运动 科学教育 

分 类 号：G301[文化科学]