广州市市售大米中铬污染水平及健康风险评价  

Evaluation on chromium contamination in rice to human health in Guangzhou City

作　　者：王晓波[1] 李建国[2] 刘冬英[1] 邱艳君[1] 陈锐涛 

机构地区：[1]广东药学院公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生系广东省分子流行病学重点实验室,广东广州510310 [2]河北省疾病预防控制中心,河北石家庄050019

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2015年第1期75-78,共4页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

基　　金：河北省科技支撑计划重点项目(13277709D)

摘　　要：目的了解广州市市售大米中铬污染情况,评价重金属铬经大米途径摄入的健康风险。方法广州市市售大米经微波-离子交换柱分离,以石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定总铬、六价铬含量,采用国家标准GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》规定的限量值评价大米中重金属铬的污染水平。采用2002年广东省居民膳食营养与健康状况调查数据,评价不同人群通过大米途径对铬的膳食暴露情况,并参照中国营养学会对总铬的最高上限标准以及美国环保局(EPA)的《致癌风险评价指南》为标准,对大米中的总铬和六价铬进行人群的健康风险评价。结果广州市市售大米样品中总铬、六价铬的检出率均为100%,总铬的超标率为26.67%(8/30),重金属铬污染对人群的健康危害低于中国营养学会标准,成人低于EPA标准,但是14岁以下儿童健康风险高于EPA标准。结论广州市市售大米受到铬污染,广州市居民成人经大米途径摄入重金属铬的健康风险较低,但是对14岁以下暴露儿童可能存在潜在危害,需采取有效措施防止大米铬污染。Objective To investigate and analyze of the chromium contamination in rice and to assess the health risk in Guangzhou City. Methods Contents of total chromium and hexavalent chromium in rice from Guangzhou were determined using microwave extraction,ion exchange column separation and graphite furnace atomic absorption,then assessed according to the national standard. Using dietary nutrition and health status of Guangdong Province from 2002 survey,chromium exposure and health risk of different population were evaluated with reference to the maximum level of total chromium form the Chinese nutrition society and the U. S. EPA guidelines for cancer risk evaluation. Results Total chromium and hexavalent chromium in rice were 100% detected,violation rate of total chromium were 26. 67%. The health risk was lower than Chinese Nutrition Society and U. S. EPA guideline in adult population,while health risk in lowincome people and children under the age of 14 were higher than the EPA guideline. Conclusion Rice in Guangzhou was contaminated by certain amount of chromium. The health risk was low in adults,but there might be a potential hazards to children under 14 years old. The government should take effective measures to prevent the chromium contamination in rice.

关 键 词：大米 铬 六价铬 食品污染物 风险评估 食品安全 重金属 

分 类 号：R155.5[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]