开闭机构气动载荷下强度计算及应力试验  

Strength calculation and stress experiment test of opening/closing mechanism under aerodynamic force

作　　者：许良中[1] 梁习锋[1] 刘国伟[1] 龚晓波[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第12期4431-4437,共7页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1134203)~~

摘　　要：提出一种论证高速列车新型开闭机构安全稳定性的研究方法;通过数值计算求解三维非定常可压缩N-S方程,得到开闭机构前端在420 km/h高速下,4种不同运行工况所对应的空气动力载荷,并根据固体力学理论建立开闭机构有限元计算模型,用于考核内部动作机构在前罩所承受空气动力载荷下的结构强度;最后,设计弹簧加载装置对开闭动作机构进行气动载荷静态等效加载,对动作机构关键部位进行静应力测试,考核静强度数值计算准确性。研究结果表明:在隧道内高速交会工况下,开闭机构承受的气动压力最大,最大压力为12.8 k Pa;在最大气动载荷下,动作机构的安全系数最大为8.01,最小为1.42;关键部位应力测试结果和强度数值计算结果相对误差均在10%以内,表明强度分析结果可信,开闭机构结构强度满足相关标准的要求。A method was provided to verify the stability of a new type opening/closing mechanism used in electric multiple units（EMU）. The numerical calculation was made to solve the 3D unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes equations, the aerodynamic load on the front cover of the mechanism was obtained, and four typical conditions were included, at the speed of 420 km/h. Then the finite element static stress model of the mechanism which was used to calculate the structural strength was built to refer to the theory of solid mechanics. Finally, the stress testing experiment on the mechanism key positions was conducted to make sure that the results of the numerical calculations were accurate.The results show that the maximum aerodynamic pressure is 12.8 k Pa in crossed tunnel condition, the maximal safety coefficient of the key parts is 8.01 while the minimum is 1.42. The results of the numerical calculation and the stress test experiment are almost the same, both the relative errors are almost within 10%. The method introduced to solve the fluid-structure interaction project is reliable and the opening/closing mechanism of EMU can meet the related standards.

关 键 词：高速列车 开闭机构 气动载荷 结构强度 应力测试 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]