父母外出务工对农村留守儿童发展的影响：基于倾向得分匹配方法的实证分析  

Parental Labor Migration and Left-Behind Children's Development in Rural China: Empirical Evidence Based on Propensity Score Matching

作　　者：侯玉娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学教育学院,香港999077

出　　处：《教育与经济》2015年第1期59-65,共7页Education & Economy

摘　　要：本文利用甘肃、宁夏、四川、云南、广西五省农村地区数据,运用倾向得分匹配方法控制样本的自选择偏差,分析了父母外出务工对农村留守儿童的学业成绩及学校适应性的影响以及这种影响在不同外出方式、外出时长情况下对不同性别留守儿童的效应差异。结果显示,父母外出务工并没有导致留守儿童在学业成绩方面的劣势,相反,父母双方同时外出或长期外出,对留守子女的学业成绩具有提升作用。然而,无论父母选择何种外出形式及时长,留守子女都会出现非认知发展问题。特别是在母亲外出和长时间外出的情况下,留守子女容易出现隐性的、较为严重的适应性问题。本文也就此提出了解决外出务工缓解家庭经济压力与保障子女心理健康之矛盾的政策建议。Employing data from five western provinces（Gansu, Ningxia, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guangxi） in China,this study investigates the impact（and heterogeneous features） of parental labor migration on children＇s academic achievements and non-academic performance using school adjustment as proxy. Sample selection bias is controlled by using propensity score matching method. The results show that there is no significant disadvantage for left-behind children in terms of academic scores. On the contrary, long-term labor migration of both-parent would benefit children＇s academic performance. However, whatever pattern or time length the migration takes, left-behind children show some non-cognitive problems, especially when mother is the migration subject or children are left behind for a long time. Finally, this study proposes some policy implications to solve the contradiction between labor migration in relieving family economic constraints and ensuring children＇s wellbeing.

关 键 词：父母外出务工 农村留守儿童 学业成绩 学校适应性 倾向得分匹配 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]