路径转弯对语篇空间情境模型建构的影响  

The Effect of Route-angularity on Spatial Situation Model Constructing in Text

作　　者：陈洁彬[1,2] 鲁忠义[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学教育学院,石家庄050024 [2]衡水学院教育系,衡水053000

出　　处：《心理学报》2015年第2期176-189,共14页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(12BYY048)

摘　　要：采用回指解决方法,通过3个实验探讨了路径转弯对空间情境模型建构的影响机制。实验1和实验2的结果表明,读者在建构含有路径转弯的语篇时,在一定范围内出现了路径转弯效应。总体趋势为当语篇的空间描述简单(转弯次数<2)时,目标句的阅读时间会随着转弯次数的增多而增长,但当语篇的空间描述复杂(转弯次数>2)时,不仅不再出现路径转弯效应,反而出现了该效应的反转现象。实验3借助眼动仪监测,运用语篇与主人公行走路线同步动态呈现模式,让被试实时追随主人公行走路线,控制转弯次数和路径距离,以当前位置与回指地点间的直线距离为自变量,探究读者在空间描述复杂时建构空间情境模型的心理机制。实验结果表明当阅读空间描述简单的语篇时,读者建构的空间情境模型是路线型的,通过逆向搜索的方式进行回指解决;当语篇的空间描述较为复杂时,读者倾向于建构地图型空间情境模型,以俯视的视角通过空间搭桥寻找空间最短直线距离进行回指解决。Research on text comprehension is an important part of cognitive psychology, Situation model is considered as the higher level of text representation, so it attracts the focuses of many researchers. The spatial dimension of situation model has been explored most often. Layout-learning Anaphora resolution is an important way to explore the representation of spatial distance in text comprehension. Our paper explored the rules of distance representation in three experiments and advanced some hypotheses. In Experiment 1, we used the method of layout-learning Anaphora resolution while controlling the path distance（including category distance and measure distance） and linear distance, with the number of turns as the independent variables, to examine whether the route-angularity effect occur. During the Experiment1, those who are experimented first should study the layout diagram of the company, and memorize the location of each room and the specific items in each room until they feel they can describe the location of each room and the specific items within the room in detail. During the Experiment1, the observers were first asked to learn the layout diagram of a fictional company, including the specific locations and names of each room. Then a reading comprehensive test was conducted to make sure the observers could remember these details. In Experiment2, we used a pure natural discourse reading test, which was traditionally supposed to construct the spatial situation mode, to determine whether there is still route-angularity effect in discourse comprehension under such a mode, and the whether the effect, if any, was modulated by the complex levels of spatial in description. In the natural discourse reading test, we controlled the path distance and linear distance, with the number of turns as the independent variable, and require the observers first read some discourses relevant to route-angularity, and thenfinish the reading comprehension questions directly. Experiment 3 used the mode that the leading character wa

关 键 词：语篇理解 情境模型 空间距离效应 路径转弯效应 眼动技术 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]