城市出租车拥挤收费  

Impact and feasibility of charging taxis in pricing zone

作　　者：祝进城[1] 肖峰[1] 帅斌[1] 刘晓波[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学交通运输与物流学院,成都610031

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（工学版）》2015年第1期89-96,共8页Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71201135);中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(SWJTU11ZT12)

摘　　要：建立了多方式分担模型来分析拥挤收费背景下出租车是否也应征收拥挤费问题,并设计了求解模型的遗传算法。研究利用双层规划模型对该问题进行了描述,其中下层规划为组合网络均衡模型,刻画了出租车拥挤收费前后对出行产生、出行方式划分、出行路径选择及出行分布的影响,构建了与之等价的变分不等式;上层规划为社会福利的最大化。算例结果表明,是否应该对拥挤收费区域内的出租车征收拥挤费主要取决于私家车与出租车的单位距离运营成本之比。通常情况下(当二者的比值小于5.6时),对出租车进行拥挤收费就能获得更大的社会福利。A multi-mode choice model is proposed to effectively investigate the impact and feasibility of charging taxis with link-based toll in the pricing zone in designing congestion pricing scheme. The model is developed as a bi-level programming problem. The lower-level is formulated as a variational inequality, with the logit-based mode split, route choice, elastic demand and vacant taxi distributions. The upper-level is for social welfare maximization. An efficient algorithm is implemented to solve this specific problem. The numerical experiment indicates that whether to charge the taxis relies on the operation cost ratio of private car to taxi. The threshold of the ratio is 5. 6 （which can hardly be reached in real world） in the numerical experiment based on realistic data settings. If the ratio is lower than the threshold, charging taxis always outweighs exempting them from the toll in terms of the maximum social welfare.

关 键 词：交通运输工程 拥挤收费 出租车 社会福利 变分不等式 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]