家庭因素对大学生心理健康状况影响的病例对照研究  

A case-control study on the influence of family factors upon college students' mental health

作　　者：张勤[1] 王丹妮[1] 庄颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]蚌埠医学院预防医学系,安徽蚌埠233000

出　　处：《包头医学院学报》2015年第2期13-16,共4页Journal of Baotou Medical College

基　　金：蚌埠医学院科研课题(Byky12103sk);中国高等教育学会学生工作分会基金项目(LX2011Z002)

摘　　要：目的:探讨家庭因素对大学生心理健康状况的影响,为改善大学生心理健康水平提供依据。方法:采用分层整群抽样的方法对蚌埠市3所大学中的1 009名学生使用《症状自评量表(SCL-90)》调查心理健康状况,将任一因子分值≥2.5分者作为观察组,共158名学生;按1∶1的原则挑选其同年龄、同性别、同民族、同年级和相同生源地的无心理症状的学生作为对照组;同时对两组学生进行家庭因素调查。结果:对照组大学生父母的文化程度均高于观察组,两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);对照组大学生的家庭月收入高于观察组,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.746,P=0.033);对照组大学生家庭的亲密度、情感表达、独立性、组织性和控制性的因子分均大于观察组,两组间比较差异均有统计学差异(P<0.05);在父母亲的教养方式方面,观察组的惩罚严厉、过分干涉、偏爱被试及拒绝否认因子分均高于对照组,除情感温暖因子及偏爱被试因子外,两组学生父母教养方式的其他因子得分间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:很多家庭因素会对大学生的心理健康造成影响,应重视家庭教育和积极营造良好家庭环境。Objective：To provide a basis for improving college students＇mental health through discussing the influence of family factors on col- lege students mental health,. Methods：Stratified cluster sampling was used to select 1009 college students from three universities in Bengbu to in- vestigate their mental health with Symptom Checklist 90 （ SCL - 90 ）. 158 students with any factorial score ≥2.5 points were chosen as the observa- tion group. Another 158 students with the same age, sex, nationality, grade and hometown, who have no psychological symptoms, were chosen as the control group. Result：The educational level of students＇parents in the control group was higher than that in the observation group, with signifi- cant difference between the two groups（ P 〈 0.01 ）. The monthly family income of the control group was significantly higher than that of the obser- vation group （ χ2 = 8. 746, P = 0. 033）. The factorial scores in family intimacy, emotional expression, independence, organization ability and con- trol ability were higher in the control group than those in the observation group, with a significance difference between the two groups（ P 〈 0.05 ）. In terms of the parents upbringing methods, the factorial scores in punishment, interference, preference to subjects and refusal to deny in the obser- vation group were higher than those in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups except for those in emotional warmth and preference to subjects （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion： Many family factors can influence the mental health of college students and much attention should be paid to family education and to establishment of a good family environment.

关 键 词：家庭因素 大学生 心理健康 病例对照研究 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]