播期对冬小麦产量和抗倒性能的影响  

Effect of Sowing Date on Grain Yield and Lodging Resistance of Winter Wheat

作　　者：李华英[1] 代兴龙[1] 张宇[1] 王月超[1] 李传兴[1] 贺明荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2015年第3期357-363,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203096);国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2011BAD16B09-2)

摘　　要：为明确播期对高产小麦抗倒性的调控效应,以大穗型小麦品种泰农18和多穗型小麦品种山农15为材料,设置早播(10月1日)、传统播期(10月8日)和适期晚播(10月15日)三个播期,研究了播期对冬小麦抗倒性相关形态学指标、抗倒指数以及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,播期对冬小麦的抗倒性有显著影响,与早播和传统播期相比,适期晚播小麦的基部节间长、株高和茎秆重心高度显著降低;小麦茎秆基部第二节间壁厚显著增厚,充实度增加,显著提高了茎秆机械强度。相关分析表明,小麦抗倒指数与重心高度呈显著负相关,与机械强度呈显著正相关(相关系数分别为-0.91**和0.99**)。逐步回归分析表明,播期对小麦基部第二节间长和株高的调控均极显著影响植株的重心高度,并通过影响基部节间充实度影响机械强度。适期晚播小麦单位面积有效穗数减少,穗粒数增加,千粒重维持不变,可获得与早播和传统播期处理相当水平的籽粒产量。因此,适期晚播可在显著增强小麦抗倒能力的同时获得高产。In order to know the effect of sowing date to lodging resistance of winter wheat under high yield condition,two wheat varieties（Tainong 18 and Shannong 15）were used to investigate the effects of sowing date on the morphological characteristics of basal internode,culm height of center of gravity（CHCG）,culm mechanical strength（CMS）and culm lodging resistance index（CLRI）and grain yield under three sowing date（Oct.1,Oct.8 and Oct.15）from 2012 to 2014.The results showed that the lodging resistance of two winter wheat cultivars were significantly affected by sowing date.Both the length of the 2nd basal internode,the plant height and the CHCG were significantly decreased with the delay of sowing date;the wall thickness of the 2nd internode and filling degree increased with delaying of sowing date,therefore the CMS significantly increased.Step wise regression analysis showed that the 2nd basal internode and the plant height were the key factors which affected CHCG;while the filling degree was the key factor which significantly influenced CMS.Compared with the early and conventional sowing,the spike number deereased,the grain number increased and the 1 000-grain weight remained constant with late sowing wheat.As a result,the grain yield of late sowing wheat was equiv-alent to the early and conventional sowing treatments.Therefore,late sowing could be used to obtain high yield in winter wheat while significantly improving lodging-resistance.

关 键 词：小麦 晚播 抗倒性能 形态特征 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S318