深圳市常住居民膳食结构与营养素摄入状况评价  

ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY PATTERN AND NUTRIENTS INTAKE STATUS OF THE RESIDENTS IN SHENZHEN

作　　者：刘小立[1] 袁雪丽[1] 卓志鹏[1] 宋金萍[1] 池洪珊[1] 徐健[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳市慢性病防治中心,深圳518020

出　　处：《营养学报》2015年第1期13-17,共5页Acta Nutrimenta Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.81102127);国家科技支撑计划课题(No.2012BAI02B02)

摘　　要：目的了解深圳市居民的膳食结构、营养素摄入现状,为制定卫生政策和指导居民合理膳食提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层与人口成比例的整群随机抽样的方法,2011年2月到7月在深圳市8个区中按人口比例抽取12个社区,在每个被抽取的社区随机抽取75户居民(居住5年及以上),再将每个家庭中15岁及以上家庭成员作为调查对象参与一般问卷调查和膳食调查。结果深圳市居民谷类薯类及杂豆、蔬菜类、蛋类的摄入量分别为每标准人日257.8、336.7、31.3 g,符合中国居民平衡膳食宝塔推荐值要求;水果类、鱼虾类、奶类及其制品、大豆类及坚果的摄入量分别为标准人日97.9、59.9、43.3、15.5 g,未达膳食宝塔推荐值要求;畜禽肉类、油脂、盐的摄入量分别为每标准人日159.8、41.8、10.9 g,远远超过膳食宝塔推荐值。深圳市居民能量每标准人日摄入量为8.55 MJ(2043.7 kcal),蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物摄入量分别为71.2、88.3、239.3g,提供的能量比(%)分别为13.9、39.2、46.9;谷类、动物性食物、豆类提供的能量分别占35.4%、23.0%、4.0%。烟酸和维生素E平均每标准人日摄入量充足,维生素A、硫胺素、核黄素的平均每标准人日摄入量相对不足;磷、钠、铁、锰的摄入量充足,硒和钾的摄入量稍微低于RNIs,钙、镁、锌、铜的摄入量较低。结论深圳市居民膳食结构较往年有所改善,但水果类、鱼虾类、奶类及其制品、大豆类及坚果的摄入量未达推荐摄入量,畜禽肉类、油脂、盐的摄入量仍远高于推荐摄入量;三大营养物质供能比不平衡。仍需加强平衡膳食知识的宣传教育,促进合理膳食习惯的形成,防止发生营养相关慢性疾病。Objective To understand current status of dietary pattern, nutrient intakes of the residents in Shenzhen, and provide scientific basis for developing hygiene policy and intervention strategy. Methods A sampling method of multiple stage probability proportional to the population size was used in this study. In stage one, 12 communities were randomly selected from 8 districts of Shenzhen based on population proportion from Feb. 2011 to Jul. 2011. In the second stage, 75 households（settled down in Shenzhen for 5 years or more） were randomly selected from each community. In each household, 15 years old or older members were enrolled to take dietary survey and health questionnaire. Results The average daily intakes of cereal, potato, beans, vegetables and eggs were 257.8, 336.7, 31.3g per person respectively, that reached the recommended intakes; while those of fruits, aquatic products, milk, legumes and nuts were 97.9, 59.9, 43.3, 15.5g, respectively, that were below the recommended intakes; but those of meat, oil and salt were 159.8, 41.8, 10.9g respectively, which were much higher than the recommended intakes. The average daily intakes per person of energy, and intakes of protein, fat, carbohydrate were 8.55 MJ（2043.7 kcal） 71.2, 88.3, 239.3g respectively. The energy ratio of protein, fat, and carbohydrate was 13.9%, 39.2%, 46.9% respectively. The energy ratio from cereal, animal foods and bean products were 35.4%, 23.0%, 4.0% respectively. The average daily intakes of nicotinic acid and vitamin E were sufficient while vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 were deficient. The average daily intakes of phosphorus, sodium, iron, manganese were sufficient and selenium, potassium were slightly lower than the Chinese Recommended Nutrient Intake（RNIs）. The intaks of calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper were lower than RNIs. Conclusion The dietary pattern of the residents in Shenzhen has changed to some extent compared to the previous years. However, the intakes of fruits, aquatic products, milk, legumes and nuts

关 键 词：营养监测 膳食结构 营养素 摄入量 

分 类 号：R151.42[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]