变量喷雾技术研究进展分析  

Research Progress Analysis of Variable Rate Sprayer Technology

作　　者：邱白晶[1] 闫润[1,2] 马靖[1] 管贤平[1] 欧鸣雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学现代农业装备与技术教育部重点实验室,镇江212013 [2]江苏农林职业技术学院机电工程系,句容212400

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2015年第3期59-72,共14页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31271620);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项资金资助项目(201203025-04);国家农业科技成果转化资金资助项目(2012GB2C100154);江苏省高校自然科学研究重大项目(10KJA470007);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(苏政办发教[2014]37号);江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划资助项目(CXLX13_678;XZZ11-0582)

摘　　要：变量喷雾是精准施药的重要方式之一。近10年来,变量喷雾在技术发展和应用方面均取得了重要进展。本文从变量喷雾的探测技术、控制技术及系统集成三方面,对现有研究成果进行综合性评述。在作物形貌和密度的探测技术上,重点讨论了超声波用于作物形貌探测的方法,给出了误差分析,比较了超声波技术和激光技术用于作物形貌探测时的特点,强调了LIDAR用于树木结构和冠层探测的优势以及提取叶面积指数表征作物密度的优势。在作物病虫草害的探测方面,总结了自组织映射(SOM)、人工神经网络(ANN)、支持向量机(SVM)等信息解析技术用于探测作物病虫草害的特点,强调病虫草害的探测应结合农作物栽培和管理特点。在变量喷雾伺服系统方面,归纳了现有变量喷头及其控制技术,强调用控制技术提升低成本器件和装备的使用性能。最后,对变量喷雾系统集成进行了总结,指出了变量喷雾技术进一步发展的方向。Variable spray is one of the important ways for precision applying pesticide. In the past decade, great progress has been made in the technology and applications of variable spray. A comprehensive review of current research was presented in following categories ： detection technology of variable spray system, control technology of variable spray system, and integration of spraying system. On the detection of crop morphology and density, ultrasonic method for detecting crop morphology was discussed and the error analysis of ultrasonic detection of crop morphology was carried out, the characteristics of ultrasonic technology and laser technology used in crop morphology detection were compared, and the advantages of LIDAR （Laser imaging detection and ranging） used for the detection of structural characteristics and canopy of trees and the superiority of LAI （ Leaf area index） introduced to characterize the crop density were specially emphasized. On the detection of crop diseases, insect pests and weed, and the features of some information analysis techniques such as SOM （Self-organizing maps）, ANN （Artificial neural networks） and SVM （Support vector machines） etc. used for detecting crop diseases, insect pests and weed were summarized. A point was emphasized that the characteristics of crop cultivation and management should be combined with the detection of crop diseases, insect pests and weed. In terms of variable spray servo system, the existing variable nozzle and its control technology was generalized, and using the control technology to improve the performance of low-cost devices and equipments was highlighted. Finally, the integration of spraying systems was also summarized and the development direction of the variable spray technology was pointed out.

关 键 词：变量 喷雾机 作物形貌 LIDAR PWM 

分 类 号：S49[农业科学—植物保护] N39[自然科学总论]