碰撞车速与车辆类型对行人运动和损伤耦合影响的研究  

A Study on the Coupling Influence of Impact Speed and Vehicle Type on the Movement and Injury of Pedestrian

作　　者：王岩[1] 徐晓庆[1] 刘博涵[1] 许骏[1] 李一兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学,汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《汽车工程》2015年第3期276-283,共8页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11102099);中国博士后特别资助和清华大学国际合作项目(20121080050)资助

摘　　要：根据相关文献对行人受伤特征的统计结果,选择3例涉及不同车辆类型的典型事故案例,利用MADYMO软件分别对其进行事故再现,并根据真实交通事故采集数据对模型进行验证,从而建立了车辆多体动力学模型。在此基础上通过模拟,研究不同车辆类型和碰撞车速对行人头部-车辆相对速度、行人抛距和行人头部、胸部与小腿损伤程度的影响。结果表明,除了碰撞车速对行人运动规律和各部位损伤具有高度相关性外,车辆类型也具有一定程度的影响,相同碰撞车速下：1厢式客车的行人抛距约为微型轿车和普通轿车的1.25倍;2碰撞车速在38~60km/h范围时,厢式客车的头部HIC值约为微型轿车和普通轿车的1.3~2.2倍;3厢式客车的行人胸部损伤程度约为微型轿车和普通轿车的1.7~4.5倍;4厢式客车的小腿损伤程度比微型轿车和普通轿车低20%~50%。Three typical pedestrian-vehicle accident cases with different types of vehicle involved are selected according to the statistic results of pedestrian＇s injury features. The software MADYMO is utilized to conduct a reconstruction simulation,which is verified with real traffic accident data acquired and a vehicle multi-body dynamic model is built. Then on this basis a simulation is performed to study the effects of vehicles types and impact speed on the relative speed of pedestrian＇s head over vehicle,throw distance and the injury severities of pedestrian＇s head,thorax and lower leg. The results show that,besides the strong correlation between impact speed and pedestrian＇s movement pattern and their injuries in different parts of body,the types of vehicle also have certain degrees of influences,for the same collision speed： 1） the throw distance in van collisions is about 1. 25 times as long as that in mini-car and sedan collisions; 2） the HIC value in van collisions is around 1. 3 ~ 2. 2 times as high as that in minicar and sedan collisions in a speed range of 38 ~ 60 km / h; 3） the thoracic injury in van collisions is some 1. 7 ~4. 5 times as severe as that in mini-car and sedan collisions; 4） the injury severity of lower leg in van collisions is about 20% ~ 50% lower than that in mini-car and sedan collisions.

关 键 词：人-车事故 车辆类型 行人损伤 MADYMO模拟 

分 类 号：U467.14[机械工程—车辆工程]