俗词源视域下典型成语俗源演化语境研究  

The Research of Popular Evolutionary Context of Typical idioms Based on Folk Etymology

作　　者：牛军伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]新乡医学院外国语言学系,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《东北师大学报（哲学社会科学版）》2015年第2期129-133,共5页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(14YJC740084);河南省人文社会科学应用对策研究"三重"专项项目(2014-DC-162)

摘　　要：汉语语言社团中的主体成员一般会根据自我语感认知亦或语音的相似而望文生义,牵强附会地运用词语或解释词源,导致俗源化词义产生。通过北京大学CCL语料库(现代汉语)系统检索"空穴来风"等成语的俗源语境使用情况,认为影响俗词源典型成语语境使用的因素,至少包含语言使用者的语言驾驭能力、成语实际语境使用频率、语义特征凸显程度以及考察语料库文本样本的规模质量等。其中,语言使用者的语言驾驭能力的高低与俗词源典型成语的俗源演化率呈反比。通过观察部分成语其实际语境频率的变化,来考察深层结构语义和表层音位选择的交叉投射关系,进而考察其俗源演化的发展进程;印证成语所单独体现的语义特征由于具体使用者的个人体验而被重点选择激活,整个成语的整体构式语法特征则被减弱,偏误的语义凸显就成为这一类成语俗源演化的直接动因。Main members of the Chinese society use words or explain etymology far-fetched,generally according to the language sense of cognitive or voice similar to self and peer,which may leading to common source meaning produced.According to Beijing University CCL corpus（modern Chinese）,the thesis practically investigate the using results and distribution trends of typical idioms in folk etymology and holds that the analyze of language users＇ability of command of language and the using frequency of idioms in actual context and the investigation of scope and quality of Corpus text and sample are the effective approach to analyze the evolutionary of folk etymology about typical idioms,which starting with the phenomenon of misunderstanding and abusing of some idioms,such as＂groundless＂.Among them,the users＇language ability of high and low and vulgar etymology typical idiom common source is inversely proportional rate of evolution.By observing some idioms the actual change frequency of context,to discussing the deep semantic structure and surface phoneme choose projection relations,exploring the development of the common source of evolution process.The mother language users in one specified language community always use their mother language depending on their inherent and superior＂linguistic sense＂,on the influence of the common low ability of driving language,the different frequency of idioms＇practical using and the distinct factors about scope and quality of Corpus text and sample investigated by the researchers,the evolutionary of folk etymology about typical idioms in a kind of language can be classified from high to low depending on the different ratio of the evolutionary of folk etymology into two procedures-finished or being finished,occurrent.

关 键 词：成语 习语 俗词源 演化语境 语料库 

分 类 号：H1[语言文字—汉语]