一起小学疑似食物中毒事件分析  

Investigation of primary school suspected food poisoning event

作　　者：辜洁妮[1,2] 黄琼[3] 刘振华[1] 张恒[4] 梁骏华[3] 

机构地区：[1]广东省疾病预防控制中心(广东省现场流行病学培训项目办公室),广州510430 [2]广州市越秀区疾病预防控制中心 [3]广东省疾病预防控制中心 [4]中国疾病预防控制中心(中国现场流行病学培训项目办公室)

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2015年第3期406-408,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：广东省现场流行病学重点专科-广东省现场流行病学培训项目;广东省科技厅项目-广东省食品安全卫生应急技术研究中心(粤科函社字[2011]733号)

摘　　要：目的探索小学生食物中毒发生的危险因素,为提出合理的建议及防控措施提供参考依据。方法制定病例定义,对多家媒体报道的疑似食物中毒学校进行病例搜索。开展病例对照研究,包括可疑餐次及食物的分析,开展饭堂卫生学调查,对采集剩余食物进行实验室检测。结果共搜索到符合病例定义73名病例,其中疑似病例57例、可能病例16例;教师2例,住宿生71例,罹患率为12.6%（73/581）。症状以腹痛（97.3%,71/73）、恶心（31.5%,23/73）、呕吐（20.5%,15/73）为主,部分学生反映喉咙有不适及烧灼感。土豆焖鸭肉是可疑高危食物（OR=4.2,95%CI=1.3~14.0）。结论该事件为一起疑似龙葵碱毒素引起的食物中毒。学校应加强对食堂的卫生及原材料的监督和管理,避免或预防该事件发生。Objective To explore the risk factors of food poisoning and to propose reasonable proposal,prevention and control measures. Methods The cases were searched by developing case definitions.Then a matched case-control study was applied to analyze the suspicious meal and food,a canteen health survey was carried out,and collected samples for common enteric pathogens isolated culture and biochemical identification. Results Seventy-three cases were found and met case definition,including 57 suspected cases,16 probable cases; 2 were teachers and 71 were residential students.The incidence rate was 12.6%（ 73 / 581）.The main symptoms were stomachache 97. 3%（ 71 / 73,nausea 31. 5%（ 23 / 73）,vomit 20. 5 %（ 15 / 73）. Some students reflected throat discomfort and burning sensation.The case-control study indicated that braised duck meat with potatoes was questionable high-risk food（ OR = 4.2,95% CI： 1. 3- 14. 0）. Conclusion This event is one case of food poisoning caused by solanine. School should enhance supervision and administration to canteen hygiene and raw materials to prevent food-poisoning event outbreaks.

关 键 词：食物中毒 公共卫生管理 学生保健服务 

分 类 号：R155.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R181.81[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]