卡片数量和卡片比率对经典四卡问题解决的影响  

Effect of the Quantity of the Category of Cards and the Ratio of the Category of Cards on Classical Wason's Selection Task

作　　者：陶晓丽 谢超香[2] 梁明茵 陶维东 

机构地区：[1]岭南师范学院教育科学学院,湛江524048 [2]广西师范大学教育科学学院,桂林541004

出　　处：《心理学探新》2015年第2期124-129,共6页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(31000460);广东省教育厅育苗基金(WYM10106;2012WYM_0092);广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD13CXL02);湛江师范学院博士启动项目(ZL1203)

摘　　要：两个实验分别操纵四卡问题中四类卡片(P、-P、Q、-Q)的数量或Q卡与-Q卡之间的比率,以探讨四类卡片的数量关系对经典四卡问题解决的影响,从而间接推断被试解决经典四卡问题时所采用的策略。实验一等比率地增加P卡、-P卡、Q卡、-Q卡的数量,结果发现,等比率地增加P卡、-P卡、Q卡、-Q卡的数量,使得P卡和Q卡被选择的比率减小,而-P卡和-Q卡被选择的比率不存在显著变化。实验二按不同比率操纵Q卡和-Q卡的数量,结果发现,当Q卡和-Q卡出现的比率不同时,Q卡数目越多,Q卡被选择的平均比率越小,但没有影响到P、-P卡和-Q卡被选择的比率。这些结果表明被试解决经典四卡问题时采用了"匹配偏向"策略。In order to explore the effect of the quantity and ratio of the category of cards on classical Wason＇s Selection Task,two experiments were performed.In experiment 1,the quantity of P,-P,Q,-Q cards were manipulated to increase in equal ratio.The results showed that increasing the quantity of P,-P,Q,-Q cards in equal ratio only significantly influenced on the possibility of P and Q cards which were selected by participants,but didn＇t influence on the possibility of-P and-Q cards which were selected by participants.In experiment 2,the quantity of Q and-Q cards were manipulated to increase in unequal ratio while the quantity of P and-P cards were maintained in equal ratio.The results showed that increasing the quantity of Q and-Q cards in unequal ratio significantly influenced on the possibility of Q cards which were selected,but didn＇t influence on the possibility of P-P and-Q cards which were selected.These results suggested that the strategy of match were employed by participants to complete the classical Wason＇s selection task.

关 键 词：四卡问题 匹配倾向 证真倾向 解决策略 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]