北京平原地区水牛化石新材料：时代与环境问题  

ON THE SKULL OF BUBALUS YOUNGI OF LATE PLEISTOCENE FROM THE PLAIN AREA OF BEIJING, CHINA

作　　者：同号文[1] 陈曦[1,2] 王晓敏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与占人类研究所,中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2015年第3期561-572,共12页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院重点部署项目（批准号：KZZD-EW-15）和国土资源部公益性行业科研专项项目（批准号：201211005-3）共同资助

摘　　要：北京平原地区第四纪哺乳动物群仅限于晚更新世以来的地层,其中水牛化石较为少见.最近在朝阳区望京西路一建筑工地地下13m处发现一残破水牛头骨;依据大小及头骨和角心形态,可将其归入杨氏水牛（Bubalus youngi Chow et Hsu,1957）.北京平原地区的水牛化石,可能出现于距今2.5～4.0万年前,该时间段正值玉木冰期中的一个间冰阶.此外,本文还研究了中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所馆藏的另一件几近完整的水牛头骨化石,尽管没有产地信息,但从大小和形态特征判断,该标本也属于杨氏水牛;该标本是迄今报道过的最完整的杨氏水牛头骨;从化石保存状况初步判断,其产地很可能在我国东北地区.The mammalian fossils recovered from the plain area of Beijing are exclusively Late Pleistocene in age, among which the water buffalo is fairly rare.Recently a partial skull of fossil water buffalo was discovered from a construction site which is located at Wangjing West Road in the northeast skirt of Beijing, whose location information are as follows：39°59＇27.95＂N, 116°27＇05.87＂E, ground elevation is 43m above sea level.The fossil was unearthed from the sand layer which was buried 13m underground.Both morphological characters and osteometric data support a taxonomic assignment of Bubalus youngi Chow et Hsu, 1957.The Late Pleistocene Bubalus fossils recovered from the plain area of Beijing were unearthed from sand layers whose geologic age is between 25~40ka B.P., which coincides with an interstadial in the Würm glacial stage.In addition, another nearly complete skull reposited in the IVPP collection was also studied, but the specimen has no tooth preserved and has no provenance information either.But its morphological characters and osteometric data show that this specimen can also be referred to the species Bubalus youngi. The nearly complete skull can be regarded as the most complete skull of this species ever known, whose original location should be northeast China according to its characters and state of preservation.

关 键 词：杨氏水牛 头骨 北京 晚更新世 

分 类 号：Q911.6[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] Q915.877[生物学—古生物学]