我们应当如何书写历史?——朱学勤《覆灭》开场白史实真伪考  

How Should We Write History?——On the Opening Remarks of Zhu Xueqin's Fall of Moral Ideal Kingdom

作　　者：张国清[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院政治学系,教授杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2015年第5期120-130,159,共11页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"实用主义政治哲学研究"(13AZX016)的资助

摘　　要：《道德理想国的覆灭——从卢梭到罗伯斯庇尔》(简称《覆灭》)是一部讨论法国启蒙运动和法国大革命的著作。这项研究同在文化大革命之后中国人民对革命浪漫主义运动的反省遥相呼应,它抓住20世纪80年代末中国社会变革的重大不确定性,触及当代中国从革命向改革转变过程中存在的社会价值转向难题,给当时关心中国之未来命运的读者以莫大启迪,在当代中国政治思想观念变革中扮演着重要角色,成为一个言语大胆而思想出格的理论读物。然而,《覆灭》存在研究方法的致命弱点,其开场白对卢梭、伏尔泰和狄德罗等人思想纠葛的描述与史实有很大出入,存在对原始史料的误解、误置和虚构。它杜撰狄德罗莫须有独幕剧本《孤独者》,对那段历史事件的人物、场景、时间、语言、著作等要素的描述违反了真实性和精确性,呈现出后现代主义创作的特征。其学术价值因此大打折扣,令国内政治思想界扼腕叹息。Fall of the Moral Ideal Kingdom: From Rousseau to Robespierre,a Ph. D. dissertation published by Zhu Xueqin in 1994,explores French Enlightenment and Revolution. The research chimes in with the introspection that Chinese people to revolutionary romanticism movement after the Great Cultural Revolution,it captures the great uncertainty of China's social changes in the end of 1980 s,touches the social dilemmas since China turns from revolutionary to reform,brings some thoughtful insights for the readers who care about China' s future,so that this dissertation becomes a classic in Chinese political ideological change. But there is Achilles' heel in it,the opening remarks of the description about the intellectual debates or struggles among Rousseau,Voltaire and Denis Diderot are not true,it misunderstands,misplaces and fabricates original historical facts. The book makes up a forged drama so-called A Lonely Man by Denis Diderot,and the description about the characters,scene,time,language and works is not true,which presents the characteristic of postmodernism creation. Therefore,the academic value of it is detracted.

关 键 词：卢梭 伏尔泰 狄德罗 百科全书派 《道德理想国的覆灭》 

分 类 号：B565[哲学宗教—外国哲学]