单一启动单一探测中基于相关低比例的负启动效应  

Negative Priming Based on Low Related Proportion in Single Prime and Only Target Paradigm

作　　者：王勇慧[1] 王军妮[2] 赵丹[1,3] 赵丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学心理学院,西安710062 [2]西安科技大学学工部,西安710054 [3]陕西中医学院公共卫生系,西安712046

出　　处：《心理科学》2015年第3期543-549,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31371026)的资助

摘　　要：启动和探测刺激相同试次低比例时可出现类似负启动的抑制现象。本研究采用不同于以往研究的单一探测范式,并操纵相关项(启动与探测词语义相关)的比例及刺激集的大小研究这一抑制机制的特点。实验1在低比例时发现了显著的负启动效应。实验2在低比例时,发现小的刺激集能诱发负启动,而大的则不能。表明在单一探测范式中启动与探测相关试次的低比例确实能诱发抑制控制,该抑制控制由忽视策略所致,并受刺激集大小的影响,支持了干扰项的凸显能够诱发强抑制的观点。The low proportion of repeated trials in priming studies can trigger negative priming, but most of these studies use a single prime and conflicted a probe paradigm which is thought to play a key role in triggering a negative priming effect. Thus, those negative priming effects cannot be attributed only to the low proportion of repeated trials, as the conflicted probe can also play an important role. Moreover, the negative priming found in some studies using a single prime and a target paradigm has challenged the view that the conflicted probe plays a key role in causing negative priming. However, these studies manipulated either instruction or proportion and other factors simultaneously which cannot dissociate the real effects of the low proportion. In addition, Frings and Wentura （2006） speculated that repeatability of stimuli affected awareness of participants about correlation between prime and target, and it was harder to perceive this correlation by using a larger quantity of semantic-associated words than a limited number of repetitive words. Therefore, the size of stimulus set composed by semantically related words might also be a key factor in triggering the negative priming effect, but they employed a dual-prime and a single-probe paradigm. The present study explores the characteristic of inhibitory control by manipulating the proportion of related trials and varying the size of the stimuli set in a single prime and a target paradigm. In Experiment 1, the proportion of related trials was set to 20% or 80%, and Experiment 2 introduced two different sizes of stimuli set （i.e., 8 and 48） and tested their effects on inhibition. In Experiment 1, a total of 22 participants participated in the two-proportion blocks. And in Experiment 2, two different sizes of stimuli set were manipulated in a between-subjects design. Other two factors, including the prime condition and the proportion, were manipulated in a within-subjects design. Semantic negative priming was observed in 20% condition, in contrast, th

关 键 词：单一启动单一探测 相关低比例 抑制控制 负启动效应 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]