城市交通出行成本的Nash均衡分析  

Nash equilibrium analysis of travel cost in urban traffic

作　　者：张敏[1] 甘佐贤[1] 陈思茹[2] 田雨佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学公路学院,陕西西安710064 [2]陕西交通职业技术学院,陕西西安710018

出　　处：《长安大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第3期116-121,150,共7页Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题(20120205120013);陕西省自然科学基金项目(2012JQ7001);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2013G2211005;CHD2011ZY013)

摘　　要：针对城市交通出行选择及出行均衡问题,在基于考虑出行行为影响因素的广义出行费用模型的基础上,引入经济学的Nash均衡理论,分析了出行选择中可能存在的不同出行路径与交通方式组合。通过建立Nash均衡博弈模型并求解,得到不同路径及交通方式的广义出行费用均衡解,探讨了城市交通中出行成本的变化和交通运营商的竞价行为对出行均衡的影响。研究结果表明:在以广义出行费用为基础的城市交通出行选择中存在Nash均衡,且出行成本的Nash均衡解具有稳定性;在保证广义出行费用总和最小的情况下,当系统达到Nash均衡后,出行者不会随意改变策略,而会按Nash均衡下的策略出行,即各种交通方式运营商采取单方面改变价格的策略无法改变出行均衡以获取更高的利润。To explore travel choice behavior and travel equilibrium problem in urban traffic, Nash equilibrium theory in economics was introduced to analyze the best travel combinations between travel routes and travel modes, which based on the generalized travel cost model considering travel behavior influences. Through establishing and solving the Nash equilibrium model, the equilibrium solution of generalized travel cost with different travel routes and travel modes was received, and then the effect of travel cost and bidding behavior of different transportation operators on travel equilibrium in urban traffic was discussed. The results show that Nash equilibrium exists indeed in travel choice of urban traffic based on the generalized travel cost, and the equilibrium solution is stable. Under the condition of the minimum sum of generalized travel cost being ensured, the traveler makes travel choice according to the equilibrium solution but would not change the travel plan when the system reaches Nash equilibrium, which means that no transportation operators can obtain higher profits by changing the price strategy unilaterally. 4 tabs, 1 fig, 20 refs.

关 键 词：交通工程 出行成本 NASH均衡 城市交通 广义出行费用 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]