适宜印度块菌生长的地形和土壤因子  

Topographical and pedological factors adapted to the growth of domestic truffles(Tuber indicum)

作　　者：清源[1,2] 戢林[3] 李廷轩[3] 李小林[4] 柳成益[5] 杨梅[5] 郑林用[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院生物资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室,成都610064 [2]西昌学院,四川西昌615013 [3]四川农业大学资源学院,成都611130 [4]四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,成都610066 [5]攀枝花市农林科学研究院,四川攀枝花617061

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第6期1793-1800,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：四川省科技支撑计划项目(2012NZ0003,2013NZ0029);四川省应用基础研究项目(2015LWJJ-005);四川省科技富民强县专项行动计划项目(会东专项)资助

摘　　要：在云南、四川和西藏印度块菌产区的9个地点进行调查和采样,选择地形因子和土壤因子为评价指标,采用主成分分析法对印度块菌生长适宜性进行综合评价,以确定印度块菌的生长与地形因子和土壤因子的关系.结果表明：1）地形因子和土壤因子15个指标中提取出的5个主成分,累计贡献率达到87.5%.地形因子中坡位对块菌生长的影响最大,坡位越高越不适宜块菌生长,以中坡和中下坡最佳.2）土壤因子中容重、粉粒含量、p H值、全氮含量、交换性钙镁含量是块菌生长的限制因子.容重为0.65~0.82 g·cm-3适宜块菌生长,而容重过高（〉1 g·cm-3）不利于块菌的生长;粉粒含量为30.0%、砂粒含量为55.0%左右适宜块菌的生长,而粘粒含量过高不利于块菌的生长.在土壤化学因子中,p H值在6.40左右、全氮为2.29~3.70 g·kg-1、交换性钙为22.91~37.17 cmol·kg-1、交换性镁含量为1.85~2.59cmol·kg-1的环境条件适宜块菌生长.3）综合评价表明,在9个采集地点,云南省昆明市哨上村和西藏自治区林芝地区江色岗得分较高,其地形和土壤条件最适合块菌生长;而四川省攀枝花市二十九梁子和云南省楚雄州五顶山得分较低,其地形和土壤条件不太适宜印度块菌生长.Topographical and pedological factors at 9 sites of Tuber indicum in Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet were studied by using principal component analysis in order to determine the connection between truffle-growth with topographic factors and soil factors. Results showed that： 1 ） The 5 prin- cipal components selected from 15 topographical and pedological factors had a great cumulative con- tribution, up to 87.5%. Among the topographical factors, the slope position was the most important ecological factor affecting truffles growth. The higher the slope position was, the less conducive to truffles growth. In the middle and lower parts of the slope, T. indicum grew best. 2） As for the pedological factors, the bulk density, silt content, pH, total nitrogen content, exchangeable cal- cium and magnesium contents were the important factors restricting T. indicum growth. Under the condition of bulk density 0.65-0.82 g · cm-3, silt content 30.0% and sand content about 55.0%, T. indicum grew well. Too high bulk density or clay content was not conducive to its growth. The soil with pH 6.40 or so, 22.91-37.17 cmol total nitrogen content of 2.29-3.70 g · kg-1 , exchangeab k·-1 and exchangeable magnesium content of 1.85-2.59 le calcium content of cmol · kg-1 were fa-vorable for growth of T. indicum. 3） The comprehensive evaluation showed mat me site at onao- shang Village in Kunming, Yunnan and liangsegang Village in Linzhi Prefecture, Tibet had higher scores, which meant these two sites had the most favorable conditions for truffles growth. However, the site at Ershijiu-liangzi Village in Panzhihua, Sichuan and the Mt. Wuding in Chuxiong Prefec- ture, Yunnan had lower scores, which meant these two sites were not fit for truffles growth regarding the topographical and soil conditions.

关 键 词：块菌 主成分分析 生态 综合评价 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]